Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Variation of spatial resolution in radial (A and B) and axial (C and D) directions. Radial spatial resolution variation is measured in center transverse slice 31 in A and in off-center transverse slice 44 in B, 1 cm away from center slice in axial direction. Axial spatial resolution variation is measured in central axial slice (r = 0 cm) in C and in axial slice 1 cm off axis (r = 1.0 cm) in D.
- FIGURE 2.
Transverse images of cold-rod (A) and hot-rod (B) microresolution phantoms reconstructed with FORE/FBP and ramp filter. Ultradeluxe microresolution hot-rod phantom images reconstructed with FORE/FBP (C) and with 3D OSEM (D). Coronal images of micro-Defrise phantom reconstructed with FORE/FBP with Dmax values of 16 (E), 19 (F), and 22 (G). Rod center-to-center spacing in A and B is twice the rod diameters shown in A, and rod center-to-center spacing in C and D is twice the rod diameters shown in C.
- FIGURE 3.
Axial sensitivity profile for VISTA. Bumps in profile are attributable to small gap between the two VISTA detector rings. Dashed vertical lines locate physical ends of axial field of view.
- FIGURE 4.
NEC rate curves for three different energy windows and two different phantoms, mouse (A) and rat (B).
- FIGURE 5.
Variations in radial resolution with increasing radius when VISTA parallax correction is enabled (•) and when parallax correction is disabled (⋄), as would be the case for single-crystal type of scanner with identical geometry and 15-mm crystal thickness but no DOI capability. Note apparent displacement in radial source position between the two sets of data points as radial offset increases. w/ = with; w/o = without.
- FIGURE 6.
(Top row) The same single whole-body coronal section from an 18F-FDG mouse study (26-g mouse, ∼11.1 MBq or 0.3 mCi injected) reconstructed three different ways: FORE/FBP, FORE/2D OSEM, and 3D OSEM. (Bottom row) Maximum-intensity volume reprojections of an 18F-fluoride study (∼11.1 MBq or 0.3 mCi injected) in a 29-g mouse also reconstructed with these same three methods. The RV myocardium is seen in all three FDG reconstructions as well as the intensely labeled LV myocardium.
- FIGURE 7.
Transverse images of the distribution of 11C-methylphenidate (MP) in striatum of a normal 37-g control mouse (left) and a 37-g mouse (right) after treatment with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), an intervention known to markedly reduce dopaminergic activity in striatum. Binding potential (BP) was derived from the striatal and cerebellar time–activity curves shown under each image. Striatal time–activity curve in the MPTP animal approaches that derived from the cerebellum, where there is little or no specific binding. Note variable frame rate data collections (high early, lower at later times) and minimal statistical fluctuations in both striatal and cerebellar time–activity curves. Both animals were injected with ∼37 MBq or 1.0 mCi of 11C-MP and imaged for 1 hour. These image data were corrected for scatter.
Tables
Item Parameter Description or value Detector modules Type of module Dual-layer phoswich (front layer: LYSO; back layer: GSO) Phoswich element dimensions 1.45 mm × 1.45 mm × 7 mm for LYSO and 1.45 mm × 1.45 mm × 8 mm for GSO (total length: 15 mm) Light decay time LYSO: 40 ns; GSO: 60 ns Phoswich element arrays 13 × 13 (outside dimensions: 20 mm × 20 mm) Phoswich pitch 1.55 mm Phototubes Hamamatsu R8520-C12 System No. of detector modules 36 (2 rings of 18) No. of phoswich elements 6,084 Total no. of crystals 12,168 Ring diameter 11.8 cm Gantry aperture 8 cm Axial field of view 4.8 cm Effective transaxial field of view 6.7 cm Normalization or transmission source 68Ge annulus Overall dimensions 121 cm wide × 151 cm high × 82 cm deep Estimated gantry weight ∼200 kg Power 120 V alternating current, <20 A Datasets Acquisition mode 3D only Total no. of lines of response 28.8 million No. of 2D sinograms 61 2D sinogram size 175 spatial samples × 128 angles 2D dataset size 5.2 megabytes Energy window (keV) ACS (%) 100–700 6.5 250–700 4.0 400–700 2.1 Scatter fraction (%) Energy window (keV) Mouse phantom Rat phantom 100–700 33.0 48.3 250–700 26.6 37.0 400–700 18.9 29.2 Mouse phantom Rat phantom Energy window (keV) Peak NEC rate (kcps) Activity concentration, kBq/mL (μCi/cc) Peak NEC rate (kcps) Activity concentration, kBq/mL (μCi/cc) 100–700 170.7 377 (10.2) 91.4 122 (3.3) 250–700 126.8 455 (12.3) 77.1 141 (3.8) 400–700 73.3 448 (12.1) 43.7 141 (3.8)
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