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Research ArticleClinical Investigations

Everolimus Reduces 89Zr-Bevacizumab Tumor Uptake in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors

Sophie J. van Asselt, Sjoukje F. Oosting, Adrienne H. Brouwers, Alfons H.H. Bongaerts, Johan R. de Jong, Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge, Thijs H. Oude Munnink, Helle-Brit Fiebrich, Wim J. Sluiter, Thera P. Links, Annemiek M.E. Walenkamp and Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
Journal of Nuclear Medicine July 2014, 55 (7) 1087-1092; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.113.129056
Sophie J. van Asselt
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
2Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Sjoukje F. Oosting
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Adrienne H. Brouwers
3Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Alfons H.H. Bongaerts
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
4Department of Radiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; and
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Johan R. de Jong
3Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge
3Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
5Department of Hospital and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Thijs H. Oude Munnink
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Helle-Brit Fiebrich
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Wim J. Sluiter
2Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Thera P. Links
2Department of Endocrinology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Annemiek M.E. Walenkamp
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
1Department of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    SUVmax in most intense tumor lesion per patient (A) and in all tumor lesions (B) at baseline, 2 wk, and 12 wk. Horizontal bars represent median values.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    PET images 4 d after 89Zr-bevacizumab injection in patient with metastatic midgut carcinoid. (A) Coronal and axial images of low-dose CT and fusion images of PET. Low-dose CT shows increased tracer uptake in abdominal tumor lesion. (B) Coronal PET images at baseline, 2 wk, and 12 wk of everolimus treatment. Physiologic 89Zr-bevacizumab uptake is present in heart (blood pool), liver, spleen, and circulation. At baseline, increased 89Zr-bevacizumab uptake was found in tumor lesion located in ileocecal angle (arrows). Tumor uptake was 43% lower at 2 wk and 69% lower at 12 wk during everolimus treatment.

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    Waterfall plots of 10 patients with visualized tumor lesions at 89Zr-bevacizumab PET. (A) Maximum baseline SUVmax (blue bars) and percentage change in sum of target lesion diameters according to RECIST1.1 on CT after 6 mo (yellow bars). (B) ΔSUVmax at 12 wk of most intense tumor lesion at baseline (blue bars) and percentage change in sum of target lesion diameters according to RECIST1.1 on CT after 6 mo (yellow bars). * = patient is still on everolimus.

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    FIGURE 4.

    Graphs showing whole-blood everolimus levels after 2 wk and 12 wk of everolimus treatment (n = 11) (A) and serum VEGF-A levels measured at baseline and 12 wk of treatment (n = 13) (B). Horizontal bars represent median values. *P < 0.05.

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    TABLE 1

    Baseline Patient Characteristics (n = 14)

    Characteristicn
    Age (y)
     Median60
     Range43–67
    Sex
     Male7
     Female7
    Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group  performance score
     012
     11
     21
    Localization of the primary tumor
     Lung1
     Pancreas7
     Duodenal bulb1
     Small bowel3
     Unknown2
    NET World Health Organization grading
     Grade 18
     Grade 26
    Peptide-producing NET
     Chromogranin A producing12
     Serotonin producing6
     Gastrin producing1
    Prior treatment
     Surgery7
     Radiotherapy3
     Systemic therapy6
      Somatostatin analog1
      Interferon α2
      Chemotherapy2
      Radioactive lutetium octreotide/metaiodobenzylguanidine2
      Sunitinib1
    • View popup
    TABLE 2

    Imaging Characteristics and Treatment Outcome Per Patient (n = 14)

    No. of metastasesSUVmean/max
    Tumor locationFunctional NETCTPET%Baseline2 wk12 wkTreatment duration (mo)Best change CT target lesions (%)
    Pancreas*—82344110.910.36.721+−14
    Pancreas†—700———1NA
    Pancreas—26145.55.64.821+−7
    Pancreas—100———20+13
    Pancreas—3911315.14.53.610−4
    Pancreas—274152.92.82.714+−9
    Pancreas—331004.85.95.7120
    DuodenumGastrin163193.43.22.66−5
    LungSerotonin41377.07.99.18−3
    Small bowel†Serotonin200———311
    Small bowel‡Serotonin29278.58.88.8121
    Small bowelSerotonin2500———12−19
    UnknownSerotonin151710.48.67.718+−9
    UnknownSerotonin14178.64.92.616+−13
    • ↵* von Hippel-Lindau germline mutation carrier.

    • ↵† Taken off trial because of side effects.

    • ↵‡ Lost to follow-up at 12 mo.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 55 (7)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 55, Issue 7
July 1, 2014
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Everolimus Reduces 89Zr-Bevacizumab Tumor Uptake in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Sophie J. van Asselt, Sjoukje F. Oosting, Adrienne H. Brouwers, Alfons H.H. Bongaerts, Johan R. de Jong, Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge, Thijs H. Oude Munnink, Helle-Brit Fiebrich, Wim J. Sluiter, Thera P. Links, Annemiek M.E. Walenkamp, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Jul 2014, 55 (7) 1087-1092; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.129056

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Everolimus Reduces 89Zr-Bevacizumab Tumor Uptake in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors
Sophie J. van Asselt, Sjoukje F. Oosting, Adrienne H. Brouwers, Alfons H.H. Bongaerts, Johan R. de Jong, Marjolijn N. Lub-de Hooge, Thijs H. Oude Munnink, Helle-Brit Fiebrich, Wim J. Sluiter, Thera P. Links, Annemiek M.E. Walenkamp, Elisabeth G.E. de Vries
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Jul 2014, 55 (7) 1087-1092; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.113.129056
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Keywords

  • neuroendocrine tumors
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