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Research ArticleBasic Science Investigation
Open Access

Characterization of Effective Half-Life for Instant Single-Time-Point Dosimetry Using Machine Learning

Carlos Vinícius Gomes, Yizhou Chen, Isabel Rauscher, Song Xue, Andrei Gafita, Jiaxi Hu, Robert Seifert, Lorenzo Mercolli, Julia Brosch-Lenz, Jimin Hong, Marc Ryhiner, Sibylle Ziegler, Ali Afshar-Oromieh, Axel Rominger, Matthias Eiber, Thiago Viana Miranda Lima and Kuangyu Shi
Journal of Nuclear Medicine March 2025, jnumed.124.268175; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268175
Carlos Vinícius Gomes
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
2Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Lucerne University Teaching and Research Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland;
3Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Yizhou Chen
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Isabel Rauscher
4Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany;
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Song Xue
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
5Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria;
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Andrei Gafita
4Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany;
6Ahmanson Translational Theranostics Division, Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, California;
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Jiaxi Hu
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Robert Seifert
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Lorenzo Mercolli
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Julia Brosch-Lenz
4Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany;
7Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Glen Burnie, Maryland;
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Jimin Hong
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Marc Ryhiner
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Sibylle Ziegler
8Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany;
9Department of Nuclear Medicine, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany; and
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Ali Afshar-Oromieh
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Axel Rominger
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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Matthias Eiber
4Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany;
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Thiago Viana Miranda Lima
2Institute of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Lucerne University Teaching and Research Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland;
10Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Kuangyu Shi
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Concept of iSTP dosimetry in radiopharmaceutical therapy, encompassing MTP and STP methods. p.i. = postinjection.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Relation between MTP and predicted Teff for left kidney, right kidney, liver, and spleen across all therapy cycles.

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    RADs in TIA by organ for both STP (iSTP and Hänscheid) methods compared with MTP method. Illustrated for left and right kidney, liver, and spleen at earlier postinjection time points (2 h*, 20 h, 43 h, and 69 h). *2 h tsc is not applicable to Hänscheid method; included for comparison purposes. ***P < 0.001. ns = not significant.

  • FIGURE 4.
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    FIGURE 4.

    Statistical correlation between predicted Teff when using pretherapy data before each cycle and before first cycle. Nonpaired Mann–Whitney test was performed for each therapy cycle, represented by columns, for left kidney, right kidney, liver, and spleen. ns = not significant.

  • FIGURE 5.
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    FIGURE 5.

    RADs in absorbed dose calculated and grouped by cycle using iSTP model from data preceding first therapy cycle.

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    TABLE 1.

    General Characteristics of Patients per Therapy Cycle, Represented as Mean Values of Age, Weight, PSA Level, LDH, Creatinine, and Hemoglobin

    Characteristics per cycle
    ParameterCycle 1Cycle 2Cycle 3Cycle ≥4
    Number of patients201264
    Age (y)69 ± 969 ± 969 ± 969 ± 9
    Weight (kg)82.3 ± 10.682.3 ± 10.682.3 ± 10.682.3 ± 10.6
    PSA (ng/mL)*714.59591.35611.67438.19
    LDH†328.05275.25270.83247.67
    Creatinine‡1.00.90.90.9
    Hemoglobin§11.5210.7810.4510.72
    • ↵* PSA levels minimum and maximum values, 0.1 and 2936 ng/mL.

    • ↵† LDH minimum and maximum values, 161.0 and 664.0.

    • ↵‡ Creatinine minimum and maximum values, 0.5 and 2.0.

    • ↵§ Hemoglobin minimum and maximum values, 8.7 and 15.2.

    • PSA = prostate-specific antigen; LDH = lactate dehydrogenase.

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    TABLE 2.

    Absorbed Dose and Teff Results for Left Kidney, Right Kidney, Liver, and Spleen, Presented as Mean ± SD, with Minimum and Maximum Values

    OrganAbsorbed dose (Gy)Teff (h)
    Left kidney3.7 ± 1.9 (0.8–8.3)35 ± 16 (7–65)
    Right kidney3.7 ± 1.9 (0.9–8.6)34 ± 16 (7–65)
    Liver0.07 ± 0.04 (0.02–0.23)11 ± 4 (6–25)
    Spleen0.7 ± 0.4 (0.2–1.6)9 ± 4 (5–25)

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 66 (5)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 66, Issue 5
May 1, 2025
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Characterization of Effective Half-Life for Instant Single-Time-Point Dosimetry Using Machine Learning
Carlos Vinícius Gomes, Yizhou Chen, Isabel Rauscher, Song Xue, Andrei Gafita, Jiaxi Hu, Robert Seifert, Lorenzo Mercolli, Julia Brosch-Lenz, Jimin Hong, Marc Ryhiner, Sibylle Ziegler, Ali Afshar-Oromieh, Axel Rominger, Matthias Eiber, Thiago Viana Miranda Lima, Kuangyu Shi
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Mar 2025, jnumed.124.268175; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268175

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Characterization of Effective Half-Life for Instant Single-Time-Point Dosimetry Using Machine Learning
Carlos Vinícius Gomes, Yizhou Chen, Isabel Rauscher, Song Xue, Andrei Gafita, Jiaxi Hu, Robert Seifert, Lorenzo Mercolli, Julia Brosch-Lenz, Jimin Hong, Marc Ryhiner, Sibylle Ziegler, Ali Afshar-Oromieh, Axel Rominger, Matthias Eiber, Thiago Viana Miranda Lima, Kuangyu Shi
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Mar 2025, jnumed.124.268175; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268175
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