Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Photograph of uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT scanner installed at EXPLORER Molecular Imaging Center in Sacramento, CA.
- FIGURE 2.
Axial sensitivity profiles for 70-cm (NEMA NU 2-2018) (A) and 170-cm (B) line source phantoms. Sinogram slice thickness is 1.444 mm.
- FIGURE 3.
(A and B) 70-cm-long NEMA NU 2 scatter phantom (A) and 175-cm-long scatter phantom (B) assembled from multiple NEMA NU 2 phantoms on uEXPLORER PET/CT patient bed. (C and D) Measured count-rates with 70-cm-long (C) and 175-cm-long (D) scatter phantom. Count-rate measures are plotted vs. left vertical axes; scatter fractions are plotted vs. right vertical axes. Activity concentrations for A and B were computed by dividing total activity in phantom at each time-point by phantom volume (22 L for 70-cm-long phantom and 55 L for 175-cm-long phantom).
- FIGURE 4.
TOF resolution plotted vs. activity concentration using 70-cm-long NEMA NU 2 scatter phantom. TOF resolution of 505 ps at 5.3 kBq/mL was obtained.
- FIGURE 5.
Reconstructed image slices of mini-Derenzo phantom imaged at axial center (A and B) and ⅟₁₆ AFOV (C and D) and with 2 orientations: transaxial (A and C) and sagittal (B and D). Image slice thickness is 1.172 mm.
- FIGURE 6.
Contrast recovery (A) and background variability (B) measured with standard NEMA IQ phantom evaluation placed at center of AFOV and scanned for 30 min.
- FIGURE 7.
Contrast recovery (A and B) and background variability (C and D) as function of scan duration (A and C) and activity (B and D). Percentage activity is relative to initial activity in phantom at starting time of scans. (E) Transaxial image slices of 30-min scan at several imaging time-points reconstructed using clinical protocol. All images are decay-corrected and use same color scale: 0–20 kBq/mL.
- FIGURE 8.
Human imaging examples of performance of uEXPLORER total-body PET scanner. (A) Axial slice from 18F-fluciclovine PET image (right), with corresponding fused image (middle) and CT image (left), of 68-y-old patient with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer, demonstrating clear visualization of 18F-flucicovine accumulation within 2.5-mm-diameter pulmonary nodule. (B) Maximum-intensity projection of representative clinical oncology 18F-FDG PET scan reconstructed with 20-, 5-, and 2.5-min durations, of 59-y-old patient with lung cancer. Images show primary tumor in left lower lobe of lung (dashed circle), with multiple variable-sized (0.8–6 cm) hilar, mediastinal, and lower esophageal nodal metastases (arrows) and ∼1-cm 18F-FDG–avid left adrenal nodule (arrowhead), which is visualized for all scan durations.
Tables
- TABLE 1
Spatial Resolution of 18F Point Sources Measured with Fourier-Rebinned Filtered Backprojection Reconstruction
Full width at half maximum (mm) Location Position Tangential Radial Axial Center AFOV 1 cm 3.0 3.0 2.8 10 cm 3.1 3.4 3.2 20 cm 4.0 4.7 3.2 ⅛ AFOV 1 cm 2.9 3.0 2.9 10 cm 3.2 3.6 3.1 20 cm 4.4 4.6 3.3 37-mm sphere 22-mm sphere Axial position Background activity (kBq/mL) Scan duration CRC Background variability CRC Background variability −63 cm (⅟₂₀ AFOV) 3.3 10.5 min 96.8% 1.4% 94.7% 2.8% −39 cm (³⁄₁₀ AFOV) 3.6 9.6 min 96.7% 1.7% 96.8% 2.4% 0 cm (center) 4.5 7.6 min 95.8% 1.6% 98.9% 1.9% +39 cm (⁷⁄₁₀ AFOV) 2.9 11.7 min 94.7% 1.6% 96.7% 2.4% +63 cm (⁸⁄₁₀ AFOV) 2.7 13.0 min 91.5% 1.8% 90.4% 2.5% Figure Image Injected dose Subject weight Time point Scan duration Singles/prompts/randoms Dead-time fraction 8A Transaxial slices 320 MBq 18F-fluciclovine 76 kg 4 min after injection 10-min 101/24.7/18.3 Mcps 14.4% 8B Maximum-intensity projection 188 MBq 18F-FDG 93 kg 90 min after injection 20, 5, and 2.5 min 19.6/4.4/2.2 Mcps 1.2% Count rates were extracted from list-mode tags; dead-time fractions were estimated according to dead-time fractions at equivalent activity concentration with 175-cm scatter phantom.
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