Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Workflow of photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging of pan800 in HNSCC and LNs, including intraoperative, postoperative, and histologic imaging. All scale bars are 5 mm. H&E = hematoxylin and eosin.
- FIGURE 2.
Determining optical absorption spectra (A) and photoacoustic (B) and fluorescence (C) imaging sensitivity for pan800. deOxy hemo = deoxygenated hemoglobin; Oxy hemo = oxygenated hemoglobin.
- FIGURE 3.
Photoacoustic (A) and fluorescence (B) imaging of decreasing concentrations of pan800 in tissue-mimicking phantom. avg = average.
- FIGURE 4.
Fluorescence, spectroscopic photoacoustic pan800 signal, and histology images from representative patient with primary tumor and benign LNs. Tumor is outlined in red dashed line. White arrows represent locations of several LNs within neck specimen; red dashed circle highlights the LN shown by histology at the bottom right. All scale bars are 5 mm. H&E = hematoxylin and eosin; US = ultrasound.
- FIGURE 5.
Discrimination of metastatic LNs from benign LNs from head and neck cancer patients using fluorescence imaging. (A) Bright-field and fluorescence images of metastatic and benign LNs corresponding to hematoxylin-and-eosin slides. (B) Quantitative analysis of mean fluorescence intensity for differentiating benign from metastatic LNs. All scale bars are 5 mm. H&E = hematoxylin and eosin.
- FIGURE 6.
Photoacoustic measurements for metastatic and benign LNs. (A) Representative ultrasound, spectroscopic photoacoustic, fluorescence, and histology images of benign and metastatic LNs. Photoacoustic signals corresponding to pan800 and oxy- and deoxyhemoglobin have been spectrally unmixed. All scale bars are 5 mm. (B) Quantitative analysis of PAMI signal using pan800 avg. (C) Quantitative analysis of PAMI signal using pan800 avg thresh. US = ultrasound.
- FIGURE 7.
Heterogeneity of pan800 in metastatic LNs. (A) Representative ultrasound, photoacoustic, fluorescence, and histology images of metastatic LN. All scale bars are 5 mm. (B) Quantitative and ROC analysis of ratio of PAMI signal using pan800 avg thresh to pan800 avg to differentiate benign from metastatic LNs. US = ultrasound.
Tables
Patient no. Age (y) Sex Tumor location cTN stage 1 70 Female Buccal mucosa T3N0 2 68 Female Lateral tongue T3N2b 3 71 Female Lateral tongue T1N0 4 47 Female Retromolar trigone T4N2b 5 56 Male Buccal mucosa T2N0 6 60 Male Ear T2N0 7 70 Male Lateral tongue T3N0
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