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Research ArticleBasic Science Investigations

α-Imaging Confirmed Efficient Targeting of CD45-Positive Cells After 211At-Radioimmunotherapy for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

Sofia H.L. Frost, Brian W. Miller, Tom A. Bäck, Erlinda B. Santos, Donald K. Hamlin, Sue E. Knoblaugh, Shani L. Frayo, Aimee L. Kenoyer, Rainer Storb, Oliver W. Press, D. Scott Wilbur, John M. Pagel and Brenda M. Sandmaier
Journal of Nuclear Medicine November 2015, 56 (11) 1766-1773; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.162388
Sofia H.L. Frost
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Brian W. Miller
2Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
3College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Tom A. Bäck
4Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Erlinda B. Santos
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Donald K. Hamlin
5Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Sue E. Knoblaugh
6Comparative Medicine Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington; and
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Shani L. Frayo
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Aimee L. Kenoyer
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
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Rainer Storb
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
7Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Oliver W. Press
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
7Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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D. Scott Wilbur
5Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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John M. Pagel
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
7Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Brenda M. Sandmaier
1Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
7Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Biodistribution and clearance of 211At-anti-CD45 mAb. (A) Radioactive content expressed as %IA/g ± SD (n = 3) in selected tissues from 2 dogs euthanized 19–22 h after injection. (B) Retention of 211At in blood for all treated dogs, determined by radioactivity measurements of repeated blood samples (%IA/g ± SD, 0.75 mg/kg, n = 5; 1.00 mg/kg, n = 3). p.i. = after injection.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Distribution of 211At in cryosectioned tissue samples imaged using iQID camera (A and B), and corresponding H&E-stained sections (C and D). A and C show lymph node sections from dog H638, biopsied 19 h after injection; B and D show sections of bone marrow core from dog H632, biopsied 2 h after injection. Green and yellow lines indicate lymph node follicles and paracortex (including visibly apoptotic areas), respectively, identified in H&E section. Overlaid with the α-image, outlined regions coincide well with low- and high-activity areas. Horizontal scale bars indicate 1 mm; color bars show 211At activity in microbecquerels.

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    Immunohistochemical staining of a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded lymph node from dog H629, biopsied 2 h after 211At-B10-CA12.10C12 injection. (A) H&E-stained section, including representative areas of cortex, paracortex, and medulla. B–D show staining for T cells (CD3), apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3), and macrophages (MAC 387), respectively, in corresponding areas of serially cut sections from the same lymph node. Scale bar represents 200 μm.

  • FIGURE 4.
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    FIGURE 4.

    Dose rate images derived by 3-dimensional dosimetry using α-camera imaging. (A) Dose rate distribution at biopsy for dog H638 4 h after injection. (B) Corresponding H&E-stained section. (C and D) Dose rate distribution for dog H689 2 and 19 h after injection, respectively. Color bars express dose rate in mGy/h; scale bar (top right) indicates 1 mm.

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    TABLE 1

    Dogs Treated with 211At-Anti-CD45 Radioimmunotherapy

    Dog no.Age (mo)Weight (kg)mAb dose* (mg/kg)211At activity (MBq/kg)Specific 211At activity (MBq/mg mAb)Autologous transplantSample time (h after injection)Transfusions (d after HCT)Survival (wk)
    H573127.70.7514.619.5No22——
    H58599.40.7527.636.7No19——
    H5432012.80.7511.515.3Yes197, 11, 1948†
    H68978.70.7513.918.5Yes2, 19732†
    H5222211.80.7513.918.6Yes2846†
    H62989.51.0014.614.6Yes2, 196, 8, 1220‡
    H6381012.31.0018.418.4Yes4, 196, 10, 14, 16, 19, 2232†
    H632108.41.0018.718.7Yes2, 197, 932†
    • ↵* Including 0.05 mg/kg of unlabeled mAb.

    • ↵† End of study.

    • ↵‡ Severe ascites.

    • View popup
    TABLE 2

    Mean Fluorescence Intensity after Staining of CD45+ Cells (Gated on Lymphocytes)

    Bone marrow coreLymph node
    FMFCD45FFMFCD45F
    Dog no.2–4 h19–22 h2–4 h19–22 h2–4 h19–22 h2–4 h19–22 h
    H573*—7,245—1,292—1,288—7,500
    H585*—1,009—213—402—7,027
    H543*—17,931—669—2,358—5,257
    H689*28,17210,0825531,8412,1781,01112,1336,020
    H522*10,432—82—505—6,935—
    H629†17,9561,000109657582,7746,0416,025
    H638†37,17632,8312205481,7801,05715,11313,754
    H632†24,29838,8861555641,5174,47814,11217,067
    • ↵* mAb dose, 0.75 mg/kg.

    • ↵† mAb dose, 1.00 mg/kg.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3

    Percentage of Stained CD45+ Cells (Gated on Lymphocytes)

    Bone marrow coreLymph node
    FMFCD45FFMFCD45F
    Dog no.2–4 h19–22 h2–4 h19–22 h2–4 h19–22 h2–4 h19–22 h
    H573*—44.7—51.0—9.9—97.0
    H585*—13.7—6.1—2.7—98.2
    H543*—94.2—15.2—17.2—82.4
    H689*95.881.711.787.88.010.093.796.8
    H522*91.4—0.4—4.2—97.0—
    H629†95.65.20.10.85.424.494.188.3
    H638†97.292.80.85.36.86.896.897.2
    H632†78.993.60.57.56.235.897.997.9
    • ↵* mAb dose, 0.75 mg/kg.

    • ↵† mAb dose, 1.00 mg/kg.

    • View popup
    TABLE 4

    Mean Absorbed Dose to Blood After Injection of 211At-Anti-CD45 mAb

    Dog no.211At activity (MBq/kg)Injected 211At activity (A) (MBq)Absorbed dose to blood (D) (Gy)D/A (Gy/MBq)
    H573*14.61123.30.030
    H585*27.62595.70.022
    H543*11.51472.20.015
    H689*13.91201.60.013
    H522*13.91652.50.015
    H629†14.61392.70.020
    H638†18.42273.00.013
    H632†18.71573.40.022
    • ↵* mAb dose, 0.75 mg/kg.

    • ↵† mAb dose, 1.00 mg/kg.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 56 (11)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 56, Issue 11
November 1, 2015
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α-Imaging Confirmed Efficient Targeting of CD45-Positive Cells After 211At-Radioimmunotherapy for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Sofia H.L. Frost, Brian W. Miller, Tom A. Bäck, Erlinda B. Santos, Donald K. Hamlin, Sue E. Knoblaugh, Shani L. Frayo, Aimee L. Kenoyer, Rainer Storb, Oliver W. Press, D. Scott Wilbur, John M. Pagel, Brenda M. Sandmaier
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Nov 2015, 56 (11) 1766-1773; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.162388

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α-Imaging Confirmed Efficient Targeting of CD45-Positive Cells After 211At-Radioimmunotherapy for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation
Sofia H.L. Frost, Brian W. Miller, Tom A. Bäck, Erlinda B. Santos, Donald K. Hamlin, Sue E. Knoblaugh, Shani L. Frayo, Aimee L. Kenoyer, Rainer Storb, Oliver W. Press, D. Scott Wilbur, John M. Pagel, Brenda M. Sandmaier
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Nov 2015, 56 (11) 1766-1773; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.162388
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