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Research ArticleClinical Investigations

The Flow–Metabolic Phenotype of Primary Colorectal Cancer: Assessment by Integrated 18F-FDG PET/Perfusion CT with Histopathologic Correlation

Vicky Goh, Alec Engledow, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Manu Shastry, Jacquie Peck, Glen Blackman, Raymondo Endozo, Stuart Taylor, Steve Halligan, Peter Ell and Ashley M. Groves
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2012, 53 (5) 687-692; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.098525
Vicky Goh
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Alec Engledow
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Manuel Rodriguez-Justo
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Manu Shastry
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Jacquie Peck
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Glen Blackman
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Raymondo Endozo
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Stuart Taylor
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Steve Halligan
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Peter Ell
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Ashley M. Groves
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Flow chart of study population.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Representative axial images obtained from integrated 18F-FDG PET/perfusion CT study: fused anatomic CT and SUVmax image (A), fused anatomic CT and regional blood flow parametric map (B), corresponding surgical specimen (C), hematoxylin- and eosin-stained section (D), and VEGF-stained section (E).

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    Scatterplot of SUVmax vs. regional blood flow for early- and late-stage tumors.

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    TABLE 1

    Published Phase II Trials of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer

    Disease stageChemotherapy agentChemoradiation regimeAuthorYear
    T3 disease and above defined by MRI or CT5-fluorouracil (300 mg/m2) on day 1 for 12 wk; mitomycin C (7 mg/m2) intravenous bolus every 6 wkPhase I: 45 Gy in 25 fractions; phase II: 5.4- to 9-Gy boost to tumor bed; 5-fluorouracil (200 mg/m2/daily)Chau (6)2003
    T3 disease and above defined by MRIOxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) on day 1 for 12 wk; capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2) twice daily for 14 d every 3 wk for 12 wkPhase I: 45 Gy in 25 fractions; phase II: 9-Gy boost to tumor bed; capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice daily)Chau (7)2006
    T3 disease and above defined by MRIOxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) on day 1 for 12 wk; capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2) twice daily for 14 d every 3 wk for 12 wkPhase I: 45 Gy in 25 fractions; phase II: 9-Gy boost to tumor bed; capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice daily)Chua (8)2010
    T3 disease and aboveOxaliplatin (130 mg/m2) on day 1 for 12 wk; capecitabine (1,000 mg/m2) twice daily for 14 d every 3 wk for 12 wkPhase I: 45 Gy in 25 fractions; phase II: 5.4-Gy boost to tumor bed; capecitabine (825 mg/m2 twice daily)Fernández-Martos (9)2010
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    TABLE 2

    Tumor Stage and Grade for Study Population (n = 45)

    CharacteristicTNM stageNumber of patients
    Stage I (n = 9)T1N0M05
    T2N0M04
    Stage II (n = 14)T3N0M014
    T4aN0M0/T4bN0M00/0
    Stage III (n = 13)T2N1M0/T2N2M01/0
    T3N1M0/T3N2M04/2
    T4abN1M0/T4abN2M03/3
    Stage IV (n = 9)T2N1M11
    T3N0M1/T3N1M1/T3N2M10/1/4
    T4N1M13
    Moderately differentiated36
    Poorly differentiated9
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    TABLE 3

    Correlation Between Blood Flow and SUVmax for Study Population (n = 45)

    ParameterSpearman ρP
    Early stage (I/II) (n = 23)0.090.65
    Late stage (III/IV) (n = 22)0.470.03*
    Tumor < 4 cm (n = 22)0.310.15
    Tumor ≥ 4 cm (n = 21)0.020.91
    • ↵* Significant at 5% level.

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    TABLE 4

    Comparison of Flow–Metabolic Ratio by Stage and Immunohistochemistry (n = 35)

    ParameterComparisonMedian blood flow–to–SUVmax ratioP
    Tumor stageEarly vs. late5.55 vs. 3.890.19
    Tumor size<4 cm vs. ≥4 cm4.70 vs. 4.310.48
    CD105 expressionLow vs. high4.94 vs. 4.000.63
    VEGF expressionNegative vs. positive5.98 vs. 3.650.01*
    Glut-1 expressionNegative vs. positive3.90 vs. 4.590.56
    HIF-1α expressionNegative vs. positive5.48 vs. 3.630.04*
    • ↵* Significant at 5% level.

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    TABLE 5

    Studies That Have Assessed the Relationship Between 18F-FDG PET and Perfusion CT Parameters

    Tumor typeMeasureCorrelationStudy
    Non–small cell lung cancerSUVmax perfusionPositiveTateshi, 2002 (22)
    Non–small cell lung cancerSUVmax standardized perfusion valuePositiveMiles, 2006 (23)
    Head and neckSUVmax perfusionNegativeHirasawa, 2007 (24)
    Head and neckSUVmax blood flow or permeability surface area productPositiveBisdas, 2008 (25)
    BreastSUVmax normalized perfusionPositiveGroves, 2009 (26)
    Colorectal liver metastasesSUVmax blood flow, blood volume, or mean transit timePositiveVeit-Heibach, 2010 (27)
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 53 (5)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 53, Issue 5
May 1, 2012
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The Flow–Metabolic Phenotype of Primary Colorectal Cancer: Assessment by Integrated 18F-FDG PET/Perfusion CT with Histopathologic Correlation
Vicky Goh, Alec Engledow, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Manu Shastry, Jacquie Peck, Glen Blackman, Raymondo Endozo, Stuart Taylor, Steve Halligan, Peter Ell, Ashley M. Groves
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2012, 53 (5) 687-692; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.098525

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The Flow–Metabolic Phenotype of Primary Colorectal Cancer: Assessment by Integrated 18F-FDG PET/Perfusion CT with Histopathologic Correlation
Vicky Goh, Alec Engledow, Manuel Rodriguez-Justo, Manu Shastry, Jacquie Peck, Glen Blackman, Raymondo Endozo, Stuart Taylor, Steve Halligan, Peter Ell, Ashley M. Groves
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2012, 53 (5) 687-692; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.098525
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