Research ArticleBasic Science Investigation

A β-Camera Integrated with a Microfluidic Chip for Radioassays Based on Real-Time Imaging of Glycolysis in Small Cell Populations

Nam T. Vu, Zeta T.F. Yu, Begonya Comin-Anduix, Jonas N. Søndergaard, Robert W. Silverman, Canny Y.N. Chang, Antoni Ribas, Hsian-Rong Tseng and Arion F. Chatziioannou
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2011, 52 (5) 815-821; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.110.078725

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • FIGURE 1.
    FIGURE 1.

    Integrated β-camera and microfluidic chip for real-time radioassay imaging of glycolysis in small cell populations. (A) Schematic cross-section of β-camera integrated with microfluidic chip. (B) Micrograph of microfluidic chip loaded with colored dyes. Chamber array (4 × 4) allows cultured cells to be individually addressable within flow network for parametric study. (C) Micrograph of cells in chamber of microfluidic chip taken with bright-field microscope. (D) Chip operation of an 18F-FDG uptake radioassay. From left to right: Cells are allowed to adapt to closed-chamber microenvironment. Valves are opened to allow replacement of culture medium with culture medium containing 18F-FDG. Cells are incubated in 18F-FDG to start 18F-FDG uptake. Valves are opened again to wash away extracellular 18F-FDG using culture medium. Channel network is washed with culture medium to remove 18F-FDG residing outside cell chamber. 18F-FDG uptake of cells is imaged by β-camera. GND = ground; HV = high voltage; PDMS = polydimethylsiloxane.

  • FIGURE 2.
    FIGURE 2.

    Overlay image of 18F-FDG uptake in melanoma primary cell line (M229) with β-camera and optical image of microfluidic chips. All images were evaluated using ROIs (yellow rectangles) of equal dimensions. Color bar represents β-camera image scale and indicates counts per minute (cpm) per square millimeter. (A) 18F-FDG uptake image of M229 cell cultures inside microfluidic chambers. (B) Calibration of β-camera image.

  • FIGURE 3.
    FIGURE 3.

    (A) Same β-camera image displayed with 2 different color-intensity scales. In each β-camera image, 18F-FDG uptake was measured for cell cultures incubated with 18F-FDG radioactivity concentrations of 0.037, 0.370, 3.700, and 37.00 MBq/mL (I, II, III, and IV, respectively). (B) 18F-FDG uptake values are given as mean (±SEM) activity normalized to number of cells in each chamber.

  • FIGURE 4.
    FIGURE 4.

    (A) Same β-camera image displayed with 2 different color-intensity scales. In each image, the 2 leftmost columns (I) show 18F-FDG uptake in chambers with double-digit numbers of cells. The 2 rightmost columns (II) show image of 18F-FDG uptake in chambers with single cell. Micrograph of selected chamber and zoom-in section showing same chamber that has only single cell. (B) 18F-FDG uptake values are given as mean (±SEM) activity normalized to number of cells in each chamber.

  • FIGURE 5.
    FIGURE 5.

    18F-FDG radioassay of melanoma cell lines treated with B-Raf inhibitor drug. (A) Chip operation for 18F-FDG uptake radioassay of drug-treated melanoma cells. (Left to right) Cells are allowed to adapt to closed-chamber microenvironment. Valves are opened to allow replacement of culture medium by culture medium containing PLX4032. Cells are incubated in 18F-FDG to start 18F-FDG uptake. Valves are opened again to wash away extracellular 18F-FDG using culture medium. Channel network is washed with culture medium to remove 18F-FDG residing outside cell chamber. 18F-FDG uptake of cells is imaged by β-camera. (B) Overlay image of 18F-FDG uptake with β-camera and optical image of microfluidic chip. (C) 18F-FDG uptake values are given as ratio of mean (±SEM) activity normalized to number of cells in each chamber between drug-treated cells and vehicle control.

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