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Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Multiple coronal 18F-FDG PET images of patient with GIST before (top) and 1 d after (bottom) treatment with imatinib mesylate. Arrows show liver metastases that rapidly changed on imaging; lines show lesions that did not. (Courtesy of Heikki Joensuu, Turku PET Center, Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.)
Tables
Agent Target of action Clinical phase Antiangiogenic agents Bevacizumab VEGF Licensed Vatalanib VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 Phase III Vandetanib VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, EGFR Phase III AGO13736 VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 Phase II Sunitinib VEGFR, PDGFR, c-KIT, FLT3 Licensed Marimastat MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9 Phase III Prinomastat MMP-2, MMP-9 Phase III BMS 275291 MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-13, MMP-14 Phase III Endostatin Capillary endothelial cells Phase IV EGFR/HER2 targets Gefitinib EGFR Licensed Erlotinib EGFR Licensed Lapatinib EGFR/HER2 Licensed Cetuximab EGFR Licensed Panitumumab EGFR Phase III Trastuzumab HER2 Licensed Matuzumab EGFR Phase II ABL and SRC targets Imatinib mesylate BCR-ABL, c-KIT Licensed Dasatinib BCR-ABL, c-SRC Phase III Farnesyltransferase inhibitors Tipifarnib CAAX Phase III Lonafarnib CAAX Phase II Proteasome inhibitor Bortezomib 26S proteasome Licensed ERK inhibitors Sorafenib Raf-1 kinase, BRAF, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, c-KIT, PDGFR-β Licensed PD184352 MEK1/2 Phase II CGP69846A c-RAF Phase II mTOR inhibitors Temsirolimus mTOR Phase III Deforolimus mTOR Phase III Everolimus mTOR Phase III Estrogen blockers Tamoxifen ER Licensed Fulvestrant ER Licensed VEGFR = vascular endothelial growth factor receptor; PDGFR = platelet-derived growth factor receptor; FLT3 = Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3; MMP = matrix metalloproteinase; CAAX = carboxy terminal tetrapeptide motif of protein (c = cysteine, A = aliphatic amino acid, X = terminal amino acid); ERK = extracellular regulated kinase; MEK = mitogenic extracellular kinase.
- TABLE 2
Summary of 18F-FDG PET Studies Conducted for Monitoring Responses to Cytostatic Therapies
Agent Author Year No. of patients Phase of trials Time after treatment when scanning was done Change in SUVmax in partial responders* Criteria for PET response Outcome measure Design P Imatinib Banzo (33) 2008 18 NSp Variable NA EORTC Response Prospective NS Holdsworth (34) 2007 63 NSp 1 mo 40% NS NS Choi (35) 2007 40 NSp 2 mo 75% >70% decrease Response Prospective Simo Perdigo (36) 2006 20 NSp 8–12 wk 33%−67% NS Response Prospective Heinicke (37) 2005 5 NSp 1 wk 60% NS Response NSp NS Goerres (38) 2005 34 NSp Variable 55% EORTC 78% survival (95% CI = 63%−94%) Prospective NS Goldstein (39) 2005 18 NSp NA NA EORTC Prospective NS Jager (40) 2004 16 NSp 1 wk 65% NS Survival 0.002 Gayed (41) 2004 49 NSp Variable 51% EORTC Response NSp Choi (42) 2004 36 NSp 2 mo 64.9% Modified EORTC Response Prospective <0.0001 Antoch (43) 2004 20 NSp 1, 3, and 6 mo NA EORTC Response Prospective 0.04† Van Oosterom (7) 2001 40 I 1 and 4 wk NA EORTC Response Prospective Bevacizumab Goshen (44) 2006 7 I NA NA NS Response and pathology Retrospective NS Endostatin Herbst (45) 2002 25 I 28 and 56 d 5%−69% Variable Response Prospective NS Gefitinib Sunaga (46) 2008 5 I Day 2 and 4 wk 61% on day 2 NS PFS of >12 mo Prospective NS Lapatinib Kawada (47) 2007 8 I 1, 2, and 3 mo 6%−42% NS Response Prospective NS Cetuximab De Fabio (48) 2007 22 II At 6-wk intervals >35% <35% Response Prospective NS Tamoxifen or fulvestrant Dehdashti (49) 2008 51 II After 30 mg of estradiol >12% increase, by ROC analysis 20% Response Prospective NS Mortimer (50) 2001 40 II 7–10 d NA 28.4% increase Response Prospective NS Goserelin Oyama (51) 2001 10 I 1–5 mo NA 66.4% Response NSp 0.04 ↵* Decrease, unless otherwise indicated.
↵† Responses were correctly predicted in 85% of patients (3 mo) and 100% of patients (3 and 6 mo).
NSp = not specified; NS = not significant; NA = data not available; CI = confidence interval; PFS = progression-free survival; ROC = receiver operating characteristic.
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