This Month in JNM

Mothersill and Seymour look at the promise of targeted radiotherapy and the evolving meaning and understanding of “bystander effects” as reported in an original article in this issue.
Page 899

Larson and Schwartz preview an article in this issue on the use of ¹⁸F-FDG PET in clinical trials and address the growing potential for PET as a biomarker to assess treatment response.
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Chen and colleagues compare the abilities of ¹⁸F-FDOPA and ¹⁸F-FDG as PET tracers in the assessment of amino acid and glucose metabolism in primary, recurrent, and metastatic brain tumors.
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Reardon and colleagues report on the dosimetry, pharmocokinetics, toxicity, and antitumor activity of a human IgG2/mouse chimeric monoclonal antibody administered directly into the surgical resection cavity in patients with malignant glioma.
Page 912

Catafau and colleagues describe quantification methods for a novel ¹²³I-labeled SPECT ligand for the 5HT2A receptor and discuss the utility of the resulting simple protocol, which avoids arterial blood sampling and serial scanning over time.
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Catafau and colleagues expand on the study reported in the previous article, assessing the specificity of tracer-to-receptor binding, the relationship between ketanserin plasma concentrations and tracer displacement, and the suitability of the cerebellum as a reference region for quantification.
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Picchio and colleagues compare the diagnostic accuracies of contrast-enhanced CT and ¹¹C-choline PET for staging of urothelial bladder cancer, with special attention to ability to pinpoint lymph node metastases.
Page 938

de Geus-Oei and colleagues report on the use of noninvasive image-derived input functions as an accurate, simple, and clinically viable alternative to arterial blood sampling in ¹⁸F-FDG PET evaluation of chemotherapeutic response.
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Jacene and colleagues evaluate the effects of pegfilgrastim, a long-acting granulocyte colony–stimulating factor, on biodistribution of ¹⁸F-FDG in a rat model and in patients with breast cancer and discuss the significance for ¹⁸F-FDG PET evaluation of tumor response.
Page 950

Belhocine and colleagues provide a comprehensive educational review and literature survey on the role of nuclear medicine techniques in the detection, staging, and restaging of malignant melanoma.
Page 957

Reinartz and colleagues describe the development of a procedure designed to automatically analyze ventilation/perfusion lung scans for match and mismatch defects, an approach that would improve SPECT accuracy and efficiency in identifying pulmonary embolisms.
Page 968

Kreissl and colleagues noninvasively determine parameters of cardiovascular function in mice by high-temporal-resolution imaging with a dedicated small-animal PET system, a technique with promise for monitoring change in response to pharmacologic intervention.…Page 974

Askoxylakis and colleagues conduct binding and biodistribution studies in mice to assess the potential of a ¹²⁵I-labeled peptide as a candidate for the development of a neuroblastoma-specific vector to be used for drug targeting or radiopeptide-based diagnosis and therapy.
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Yuan and colleagues evaluate the recently developed tracer ⁶⁴Cu-ATSM as a hypoxia PET marker in a rat model and compare the results with those from a well-established hypoxia marker.
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Fueger and colleagues report on the effects of variations in dietary conditions, mode of anesthesia, and ambient temperature on the biodistribution of ¹⁸F-FDG in mice undergoing small-animal PET imaging.
Page 999

Boyd and colleagues investigate the significance of indirect effects in targeted radionuclide treatment by performing a comparative assessment of biologic bystander effects resulting from external beam γ-radiation and those resulting from exposure to 3 radiohaloanalogs of MIBG.
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Iozzo and colleagues determine in a swine model whether ¹⁸F-FDG can be used in simultaneous estimation of whole-body glucose turnover and production during the fasting and hyperinsulinemic states, facilitating correlation of systemic glucose metabolism with regional ¹⁸F-FDG PET.
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Reilly and colleagues evaluate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution, radiation dosimetry, and toxicology of human epidermal growth factor and ¹¹¹In-DTPA in mice and rabbits and discuss the implications for radiotherapeutic applications in growth factor receptor–positive breast cancer.
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Lipowska and colleagues report on mouse and human biodistribution studies of a novel ^99mTc-labeled tricarbonyl complex and outline its potential advantages as a clinical renal radiopharmaceutical.
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Rowland and colleagues use small-animal PET imaging to assess the characteristics and PET radiotracer potential of 2 new ⁷⁶Br-radiolabeled compounds with high affinity and selectivity for the σ₂-receptor.
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Neti and Howell determine the distribution of radiopharmaceutical activity per cell in a cell population and discuss the implications of log normal distribution of cellular radioactivity for predicting biologic response.
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Shankar and colleagues present consensus guidelines for the acquisition and analysis of ¹⁸F-FDG PET scans of patients participating in NCI-sponsored diagnostic and therapeutic clinical trials.
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ON THE COVER

From left to right and top to bottom, these images show cells with 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and more than 9 α-particle tracks. The number of tracks in a given cell is directly proportional to the cumulated activity, which, in turn, is directly proportional to cellular activity. Therefore, the distribution of tracks per cell can also be used to describe the distribution of activity per cell. Theoretic calculations have indicated that a log normal distribution of radioactivity, as was found within this cell population, can profoundly affect modeling of the biologic response of the population.

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