OtherBasic Science Investigations

Radiation Dose Estimates in Humans for 11C-Acetate Whole-Body PET

Marc A. Seltzer, Shamim A. Jahan, Richard Sparks, David B. Stout, Nagichettiar Satyamurthy, Magnus Dahlbom, Michael E. Phelps and Jorge R. Barrio
Journal of Nuclear Medicine July 2004, 45 (7) 1233-1236;

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • FIGURE 1.
    FIGURE 1.

    Coronal whole-body PET images obtained with 18F-FDG (A) and 11C-acetate (B) for a patient with advanced prostate cancer. Multiple osseous metastases (arrows) were better visualized with 11C-acetate PET than with 18F-FDG PET. Pelvic activity seen in A represents urine in the distal ureters and bladder.

  • FIGURE 2.
    FIGURE 2.

    Representative coronal planes of whole-body 11C-acetate PET images at 2 min (A) and 28 min (B) after injection. Early scan shows intense tracer uptake in salivary glands, heart, pancreas, kidneys, and spleen. Late scan shows tracer clearance from heart and kidneys and tracer retention in salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and spleen. L = liver; H = heart; K = kidney; P = pancreas; SG = salivary glands; Sp = spleen.

  • FIGURE 3.
    FIGURE 3.

    Time-activity curves of the mean decay-corrected percentage injected dose in all measured source organs.

Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Residence Time (Hours) of 11C-Acetate for Measured Source Organs

    OrganSubject NumberMeanSD
    123456
    Stomach wall1.7E-032.0E-038.5E-042.6E-038.6E-042.1E-031.7E-037.1E-04
    Bowel3.5E-024.0E-022.9E-024.7E-022.1E-023.6E-023.5E-029.0E-03
    Heart wall5.4E-036.4E-035.3E-037.0E-037.2E-035.8E-036.2E-038.1E-04
    Kidneys9.2E-031.0E-025.9E-036.3E-037.4E-031.2E-028.5E-032.4E-03
    Liver4.2E-024.2E-022.0E-023.4E-021.4E-022.2E-022.9E-021.2E-02
    Lungs1.8E-021.7E-029.1E-038.2E-031.4E-021.3E-021.3E-024.0E-03
    Pancreas3.6E-036.3E-033.8E-036.0E-038.0E-036.5E-035.7E-031.7E-03
    Salivary3.7E-046.3E-047.5E-044.2E-048.5E-045.2E-045.9E-041.9E-04
    Spleen2.4E-036.3E-033.4E-035.5E-033.4E-031.0E-025.2E-032.8E-03
    Red marrow2.6E-023.5E-022.5E-025.0E-024.2E-023.4E-023.5E-029.5E-03
    Remainder3.5E-013.2E-013.9E-013.2E-013.7E-013.5E-013.5E-012.8E-02
  • TABLE 2

    Absorbed Dose Estimates for 11C-Acetate (mGy/MBq)*

    Target organMeanORISE values†
    Adrenals3.4E-03 (2)3.2E-03
    Brain2.1E-03 (6)1.8E-03
    Breasts2.2E-03 (4)3.0E-03
    Gallbladder wall3.7E-03 (5)2.7E-03
    Lower large intestine wall1.0E-02 (20)2.2E-03
    Small intestine1.0E-02 (20)2.3E-03
    Stomach3.3E-03 (12)3.0E-03
    Upper large intestine wall1.1E-02 (21)2.3E-03
    Heart wall6.6E-03 (10)9.7E-02
    Kidneys9.2E-03 (23)2.4E-03
    Liver6.0E-03 (33)3.0E-03
    Lungs4.6E-03 (22)1.8E-02
    Muscle2.5E-03 (4)2.3E-03
    Ovaries3.6E-03 (3)2.2E-03
    Pancreas1.7E-02 (26)3.5E-03
    Red marrow5.7E-03 (17)2.7E-03
    Bone surfaces4.4E-03 (12)2.3E-03
    Salivary glands†‡3.4E-03 (32)NE
    Skin2.0E-03 (5)1.8E-03
    Spleen9.2E-03 (45)2.7E-03
    Testes2.3E-03 (6)1.8E-03
    Thymus2.6E-03 (5)4.6E-03
    Thyroid2.4E-03 (6)2.2E-03
    Urinary bladder wall2.8E-03 (4)2.1E-03
    Uterus3.3E-03 (2)2.3E-03
    Total body2.9E-03 (0)3.0E-03
    EDE (mSv/MBq)6.2E-03 (11)1.0E-02
    ED (mSv/MBq)4.9E-03 (8)4.5E-03

    • ↵* To obtain the dose estimates in rad/mCi, multiply by 3.7.

    • ↵† ORISE Dose Estimates Table, 11C-acetate, 1995.

    • ↵‡ Self-dose only.

    • NE = not estimated; EDE = effective dose equivalent; ED = effective dose.

      Data in parentheses are percentage SD.

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