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Research ArticleTheranostics

Dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in Patients with Advanced Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Substudy of the Phase III NETTER-1 Trial

Lisa Bodei, Marta Cremonesi, Mahila Ferrari, Erik S. Mittra, Harshad R. Kulkarni, Christophe M. Deroose, Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan, John Ramage, Chiara Maria Grana, Francesca Botta, Matthias M. Weber, Matthias Miederer, Ryan Reddy, Daniela Chicco, Maurizio F. Mariani, Arnaud Demange, Jack L. Erion, Germo Gericke and Eric Krenning
Journal of Nuclear Medicine February 2025, jnumed.124.268903; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.124.268903
Lisa Bodei
1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
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Marta Cremonesi
2Radiation Research Unit, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy;
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Mahila Ferrari
3Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy;
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Erik S. Mittra
4Division of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon;
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Harshad R. Kulkarni
5Theranostics Center for Molecular Radiotherapy and Molecular Imaging, Zentralklinik Bad Berka, Bad Berka, Germany;
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Christophe M. Deroose
6Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium;
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Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan
7Neuroendocrine Tumour Unit, ENETS Centre of Excellence, King’s College Hospital, London, United Kingdom;
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John Ramage
8Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Basingstoke and North Hampshire Hospital, Basingstoke, United Kingdom;
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Chiara Maria Grana
9Division of Nuclear Medicine, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy;
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Francesca Botta
3Medical Physics Unit, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, IRCCS, Milan, Italy;
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Matthias M. Weber
10Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, I Medical Clinic, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany;
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Matthias Miederer
11Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany;
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Ryan Reddy
1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;
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Daniela Chicco
12Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis company, Via Ribes, Italy;
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Maurizio F. Mariani
12Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis company, Via Ribes, Italy;
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Arnaud Demange
13Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis company, Geneva, Switzerland;
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Jack L. Erion
14Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis company, New York, New York; and
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Germo Gericke
13Advanced Accelerator Applications, a Novartis company, Geneva, Switzerland;
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Eric Krenning
15Cyclotron Rotterdam BV, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Planar images (anterior and posterior views at 24 h) showing typical biodistribution of 177Lu-DOTATATE. Linear intensity gray scale bars illustrate contrast enhancement, where bottom (absolute black) value represents specified percentage of original image’s maximum intensity. (A) Patient with low tumor burden. (B) Patient with multiorgan involvement. (C) Patient with predominately liver-only metastatic disease with high liver tumor burden.

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    FIGURE 2.

    Time–activity curves in the kidneys after 1 administration of 177Lu-DOTATATE. Red dashed curve intersects median value of each time point. IA = injected activity; Pt = patient.

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    FIGURE 3.

    Bone marrow toxicity relative to cumulative absorbed dose. Point values are worst Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.03 score for bone marrow–related toxicity at any time during (○) or after (*) treatment at patient’s corresponding cumulative bone marrow absorbed dose. (A) Hemoglobin. (B) White blood cells. (C) Neutrophils. (D) Lymphocytes. (E) Platelets.

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    FIGURE 4.

    Tumor dosimetry. (A) Time–activity curves in target lesions after 1 administration of 7.4 GBq represented as percentage of injected activity (%IA) against time. (B) Absorbed dose after 1 administration of 7.4 GBq (top panel) and mass at time of dosimetry measurement (bottom panel) of all tumors evaluated (n = 65) in substudy patients with dosimetry (n = 17); arrows indicate values exceeding 200. (C) Frequency distribution of all tumors with dosimetry (n = 65) according to actual cumulative absorbed dose values.

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    FIGURE 5.

    Best percentage tumor size change from baseline (assessed by area) at any time after treatment relative to cumulative absorbed dose of 177Lu-DOTATATE. Lesion size (mm2) corresponds to size at baseline (or first measurement).

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    TABLE 1.

    Baseline Characteristics of Evaluable Patients with Dosimetric Assessments

    CharacteristicEvaluable (n = 20)
    Sex
     Female9 (45)
     Male11 (55)
    Age (y)57.4 (11.2)
    Weight (kg)79.2 (22.2)
    Body surface area (m2)1.90 (0.28)
    Cumulative injected activity (GBq)26.2 (6.6)
    Metastases
     Liver16 (80)
     Bone4 (20)
    Number of 177Lu-DOTATATE administrations
     11 (5)
     21 (5)
     33 (15)
     415 (75)
    Timing of dosimetry
     Cycle 18 (40)
     Cycle 26 (30)
     Cycle 36 (30)
    Median duration of follow-up (mo) (n = 19)*62.9 (range, 9–89)
    Number of target lesions (n = 17)†65
    Target lesion location
     Liver33/65 (51)
     Lymph node16/65 (25)
      Mesenteric5/65 (8)
      Paraaortic5/65 (8)
      Other‡6/65 (9)
     Peritoneum3/65 (5)
     Abdomen/bowel3/65 (5)
     Mesenteric mass2/65 (3)
     Bone2/65 (3)
     Mediastinal2/65 (3)
     Other§4/65 (6)
    • ↵* From the date of first 177Lu-DOTATATE administration (1 patient who discontinued immediately after first administration is excluded from the calculation).

    • ↵† Three patients were nonevaluable.

    • ↵‡ One each of paracardiac, retroperitoneal, inguinal, interportocaval, aortocaval, and paracaval.

    • ↵§ One each in dorsomedial pleura, adrenal, paraspinal mass, and spleen.

    • Categoric variables are represented as number with percentage in parentheses, and continuous variables are represented as mean with SD in parentheses unless otherwise indicated.

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    TABLE 2.

    Predicted Cumulative Absorbed Doses to Normal Organs and Target Lesions Calculated Per Unit of Activity and for Four Planned Administrations of 7.4 GBq (29.6 GBq total) of 177Lu-DOTATATE (n = 20)

    Absorbed dose per unit activity (Gy/GBq)Absorbed dose for four 7.4 GBq (29.6 GBq in total) (Gy)
    OrganMean (SD)Median (range)Mean (SD)Median (range)
    Kidneys0.65 (0.30)0.68 (0.16–1.17)19.4 (8.7)19.3 (4.8–34.6)
    Liver*0.30 (0.23)0.33 (0.05–2.06)8.9 (6.7)6.8 (1.6–23.7)
    Red marrow from blood0.04 (0.03)0.03 (0.01–0.14)1.0 (0.8)0.7 (0.3–4.1)
    Spleen0.85 (0.80)0.62 (0.18–3.61)25.1 (23.8)18.2 (5.4–106.9)
    Urinary bladder wall0.44 (0.18)0.4 (0.2–0.8)12.8 (5.3)11.9 (4.5–22.6)
    Total body0.05 (0.03)0.05 (0.01–0.1)1.6 (0.8)1.6 (0.4–3.1)
    Tumor lesions†7.6 (10.6)4.5 (0.2–74.9)224 (313)134 (7–2,218)
    • ↵* n = 18 (2 patients were nonevaluable because of high tumor burden).

    • ↵† 65 lesions from 17 patients.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 66 (5)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 66, Issue 5
May 1, 2025
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Dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in Patients with Advanced Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Substudy of the Phase III NETTER-1 Trial
Lisa Bodei, Marta Cremonesi, Mahila Ferrari, Erik S. Mittra, Harshad R. Kulkarni, Christophe M. Deroose, Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan, John Ramage, Chiara Maria Grana, Francesca Botta, Matthias M. Weber, Matthias Miederer, Ryan Reddy, Daniela Chicco, Maurizio F. Mariani, Arnaud Demange, Jack L. Erion, Germo Gericke, Eric Krenning
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Feb 2025, jnumed.124.268903; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268903

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Dosimetry of [177Lu]Lu-DOTATATE in Patients with Advanced Midgut Neuroendocrine Tumors: Results from a Substudy of the Phase III NETTER-1 Trial
Lisa Bodei, Marta Cremonesi, Mahila Ferrari, Erik S. Mittra, Harshad R. Kulkarni, Christophe M. Deroose, Rajaventhan Srirajaskanthan, John Ramage, Chiara Maria Grana, Francesca Botta, Matthias M. Weber, Matthias Miederer, Ryan Reddy, Daniela Chicco, Maurizio F. Mariani, Arnaud Demange, Jack L. Erion, Germo Gericke, Eric Krenning
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Feb 2025, jnumed.124.268903; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.124.268903
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