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Research ArticleSpecial Contribution

A Path to Qualification of PET/MRI Scanners for Multicenter Brain Imaging Studies: Evaluation of MRI-Based Attenuation Correction Methods Using a Patient Phantom

Ciprian Catana, Richard Laforest, Hongyu An, Fernando Boada, Tuoyu Cao, David Faul, Bjoern Jakoby, Floris P. Jansen, Bradley J. Kemp, Paul E. Kinahan, Peder Larson, Michael A. Levine, Piotr Maniawski, Osama Mawlawi, Jonathan E. McConathy, Alan B. McMillan, Julie C. Price, Abhejit Rajagopal, John Sunderland, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Kristen A. Wangerin, Chunwei Ying and Thomas A. Hope
Journal of Nuclear Medicine April 2022, 63 (4) 615-621; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.120.261881
Ciprian Catana
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts;
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Richard Laforest
2Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri;
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Hongyu An
2Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri;
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Fernando Boada
3Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research, Department of Radiology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York;
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Tuoyu Cao
4Shanghai United Imaging Healthcare Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China;
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David Faul
5Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, Pennsylvania;
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Bjoern Jakoby
6Siemens MR, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Erlangen, Germany;
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Floris P. Jansen
7PET/MR Engineering, GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois;
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Bradley J. Kemp
8Division of Nuclear Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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Paul E. Kinahan
9Imaging Research Laboratory, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
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Peder Larson
10Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California;
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Michael A. Levine
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts;
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Piotr Maniawski
11Advanced Molecular Imaging, Philips Healthcare, Cleveland, Ohio;
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Osama Mawlawi
12Department of Imaging Physics, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas;
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Jonathan E. McConathy
13Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;
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Alan B. McMillan
14Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin;
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Julie C. Price
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts;
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Abhejit Rajagopal
10Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California;
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John Sunderland
15Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa;
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Patrick Veit-Haibach
16Toronto Joint Department of Medical Imaging, University Health Network, Sinai Health System, and Women’s College Hospital, Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada;
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Kristen A. Wangerin
17GE Healthcare, Chicago, Illinois; and
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Chunwei Ying
18Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Thomas A. Hope
10Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California;
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Abstract

PET/MRI scanners cannot be qualified in the manner adopted for hybrid PET/CT devices. The main hurdle with qualification in PET/MRI is that attenuation correction (AC) cannot be adequately measured in conventional PET phantoms because of the difficulty in converting the MR images of the physical structures (e.g., plastic) into electron density maps. Over the last decade, a plethora of novel MRI-based algorithms has been developed to more accurately derive the attenuation properties of the human head, including the skull. Although promising, none of these techniques has yet emerged as an optimal and universally adopted strategy for AC in PET/MRI. In this work, we propose a path for PET/MRI qualification for multicenter brain imaging studies. Specifically, our solution is to separate the head AC from the other factors that affect PET data quantification and use a patient as a phantom to assess the former. The emission data collected on the integrated PET/MRI scanner to be qualified should be reconstructed using both MRI- and CT-based AC methods, and whole-brain qualitative and quantitative (both voxelwise and regional) analyses should be performed. The MRI-based approach will be considered satisfactory if the PET quantification bias is within the acceptance criteria specified here. We have implemented this approach successfully across 2 PET/MRI scanner manufacturers at 2 sites.

  • PET/MRI
  • attenuation correction
  • multicenter trials
  • qualification

Footnotes

  • Published online July 22, 2021.

  • © 2022 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 63 (4)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 63, Issue 4
April 1, 2022
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A Path to Qualification of PET/MRI Scanners for Multicenter Brain Imaging Studies: Evaluation of MRI-Based Attenuation Correction Methods Using a Patient Phantom
Ciprian Catana, Richard Laforest, Hongyu An, Fernando Boada, Tuoyu Cao, David Faul, Bjoern Jakoby, Floris P. Jansen, Bradley J. Kemp, Paul E. Kinahan, Peder Larson, Michael A. Levine, Piotr Maniawski, Osama Mawlawi, Jonathan E. McConathy, Alan B. McMillan, Julie C. Price, Abhejit Rajagopal, John Sunderland, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Kristen A. Wangerin, Chunwei Ying, Thomas A. Hope
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Apr 2022, 63 (4) 615-621; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261881

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A Path to Qualification of PET/MRI Scanners for Multicenter Brain Imaging Studies: Evaluation of MRI-Based Attenuation Correction Methods Using a Patient Phantom
Ciprian Catana, Richard Laforest, Hongyu An, Fernando Boada, Tuoyu Cao, David Faul, Bjoern Jakoby, Floris P. Jansen, Bradley J. Kemp, Paul E. Kinahan, Peder Larson, Michael A. Levine, Piotr Maniawski, Osama Mawlawi, Jonathan E. McConathy, Alan B. McMillan, Julie C. Price, Abhejit Rajagopal, John Sunderland, Patrick Veit-Haibach, Kristen A. Wangerin, Chunwei Ying, Thomas A. Hope
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Apr 2022, 63 (4) 615-621; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261881
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    • ACCREDITATION AND QUALIFICATION
    • APPROACHES USED IN PET/CT
    • PROPOSED SOLUTION FOR PET/MRI SCANNERS: QUALIFICATION USING HUMAN PHANTOMS
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Keywords

  • PET/MRI
  • attenuation correction
  • multicenter trials
  • qualification
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