Research ArticleEndocrinology

PET Imaging of Pancreatic Dopamine D2 and D3 Receptor Density with 11C-(+)-PHNO in Type 1 Diabetes

Jason Bini, Elizabeth Sanchez-Rangel, Jean-Dominique Gallezot, Mika Naganawa, Nabeel Nabulsi, Keunpoong Lim, Soheila Najafzadeh, Anupama Shirali, Jim Ropchan, David Matuskey, Yiyun Huang, Kevan C. Herold, Paul E. Harris, Robert S. Sherwin, Richard E. Carson and Gary W. Cline
Journal of Nuclear Medicine April 2020, 61 (4) 570-576; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.119.234013

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • FIGURE 1.
    FIGURE 1.

    (A) Mean ± SD of parent fraction curves from HC and T1DM individuals. (B) Mean ± SD of metabolite-corrected arterial input functions from HC and T1DM individuals *Significant difference (P = 0.02) was seen between groups only at 5 min.

  • FIGURE 2.
    FIGURE 2.

    Representative maximum-intensity projections of PET SUV images (20–30 min) of 11C-(+)-PHNO pancreas (arrows) with uptake similar to SUV group means for HC (A) and type 1 diabetic mellitus (B) individuals. SUV scale = 0–30.

  • FIGURE 3.
    FIGURE 3.

    Representative time–activity curves for pancreas and spleen and 1TC model fits for tmax of 120 min (A), 60 min (B), and 30 min (C).

  • FIGURE 4.
    FIGURE 4.

    (A) Correlation of 1TC model (tmax, 30 min) pancreas VT values with pancreas SUV summed from 20 to 30 min. (B) Correlation of 1TC model (tmax, 30 min) pancreas BPND values (spleen as reference region) with pancreas SUVR-1 summed from 20 to 30 min.

  • FIGURE 5.
    FIGURE 5.

    Dot plot demonstrating group differences between HCs and T1DMs for pancreas SUVR-1 (20–30 min). Data are mean ± SEM.

  • FIGURE 6.
    FIGURE 6.

    (A and B) Pearson correlations of age at diagnosis with pancreas BPND SRTM (tmax, 30 min) (A) and age at diagnosis with pancreas SUVR-1 (20–30 min) (B). (C and D) Spearman rank correlation of C-peptide release from arginine stimulus test with SUVR-1 (20–30 min) (C) and proinsulin release from arginine stimulus test with SUVR-1 (20–30 min) (D). All methods use spleen as reference region.

Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Patient Data

    DiagnosisAge at diagnosis (y)T1DM duration (y)HbA1cFasting levels before PET scanC-peptide (ng/mL)*Proinsulin (pM)*
    C-peptide (ng/dL)Blood glucose (mg/dL)Baseline (−5 to 0 min)Acute phase (2–10 min minus baseline)Steady-state (100–120 min)Maximal glycemic potentiation) (120–122 min)Baseline (−5 to 0 min)Steady-state (100–120 min)Maximal glycemic potentiation) (120–122 min)
    T1DM14165.3013500001.01.02.0
    T1DM9177.7016900.02005.03.53.1
    T1DM35197.20.0514100008.03.86.3
    T1DM7175.9014500004.25.45.5
    T1DM35147.8021700001.01.01.0
    T1DM23011.10147
    T1DM8147.60.3895
    HCNANA0.861.57.45.610.560.477.5
    HCNANA781.212.511.59.78.551.868.0
    HCNANA87
    HCNANA70
    HCNANA72
    HCNANA85

    • HbA1c = hemoglobin A1c, in percentage (%); NA = not applicable; empty cells = data not available.

    • ↵* C-peptide release and proinsulin data are from plasma samples during glucose clamp studies for HC (n = 2) and T1DM individuals (n = 5). For C-peptide, values < 0.02 were undetectable and listed as 0 ng/mL. For proinsulin, values < 2.0 were undetectable and listed as 1 pM.

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