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Research ArticleOncology

Interobserver Agreement of Interim and End-of-Treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Impact on Clinical Practice and Trials

Coreline N. Burggraaff, Alexander C. Cornelisse, Otto S. Hoekstra, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Bart De Keizer, Anne I.J. Arens, Filiz Celik, Julia E. Huijbregts, Henrica C.W. De Vet and Josée M. Zijlstra; on behalf of the HOVON Imaging Working Group
Journal of Nuclear Medicine December 2018, 59 (12) 1831-1836; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.118.210807
Coreline N. Burggraaff
1Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alexander C. Cornelisse
1Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Otto S. Hoekstra
2Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Pieternella J. Lugtenburg
3Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Bart De Keizer
4Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Anne I.J. Arens
5Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Filiz Celik
6Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Deventer Ziekenhuis, Deventer, The Netherlands
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Julia E. Huijbregts
7Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gelre Ziekenhuis, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands; and
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Henrica C.W. De Vet
8Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Josée M. Zijlstra
1Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Example of discrepancy between reviewers’ assessment of mesenteric lymph nodes on, from left to right, axial attenuation-corrected PET, low-dose CT, and fused PET/CT images. (A) Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT with mesenteric bulky mass. (B) I-PET/CT after 4 cycles of R-CHOP14. One reviewer scored scan negatively (DS 1) and the other reviewer scored DS 4 for residual uptake in mesenteric mass. (C) EoT-PET/CT after 6 cycles of R-CHOP14. Both reviewers scored scan negatively (DS 1 and DS 2, respectively).

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    FIGURE 2.

    Example of discrepancy between reviewers’ assessment of skeletal lesion on, from left to right, axial attenuation-corrected PET, low-dose CT, and fused PET/CT images. (A) Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT with skeletal lesion in left acetabulum. (B) I-PET/CT after 4 cycles of R-CHOP14 showing rim of uptake scored by one reviewer as DS 4 and by other reviewer as unclear. (C) EoT-PET/CT after 8 cycles of R-CHOP14 showing residual uptake scored by one reviewer as DS 4 and by other reviewer as unclear.

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    FIGURE 3.

    Example of discrepancy between reviewers’ assessment of stomach on, from left to right, axial attenuation-corrected PET, low-dose CT, and fused PET/CT images. (A) Baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT with clear localization of lymphoma in stomach. (B) I-PET/CT after 4 cycles of R-CHOP14. Reviewer 1 did not give final DS score and commented that stomach was “DS 4 but could be physiologic uptake.” Reviewer 2 scored this scan negatively (DS 2). (C) EoT-PET/CT after 6 cycles of R-CHOP14. Reviewer 1 still commented on stomach but now scored negatively. Reviewer 2 again scored scan negatively (DS 2).

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    TABLE 1

    Interobserver Agreement on Dichotomized DS, by Baseline Modality

    I-PET/CTEoT-PET/CT
    AgreementTotal (n = 465)Baseline CT only (n = 108)Baseline 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT (n = 357)P*Total (n = 457)Baseline CT only (n = 114)Baseline 18F-FDG PET or PET/CT (n = 343)P*
    Positivity†23.318.524.817.518.017.3
    Percentage OA87.7 (84.7–90.8)87.0 (80.2–93.8)88.0 (84.4–91.5)0.79991.7 (89.0–94.3)93.9 (89.0–98.7)91.0 (87.8–94.1)0.332
    Percentage PA73.7 (65.0–82.5)65.0 (41.6–88.4)75.7 (66.2–85.2)0.34776.3 (66.3–86.2)82.9 (59.2–90.8)73.9 (62.0–85.9)0.486
    Percentage NA92.0 (89.1–95.0)92.0 (85.8–98.3)92.0 (88.6–95.4)0.94795.0 (92.6–97.3)96.3 (89.5–97.9)94.5 (91.7–97.4)0.605
    • DS 1–3 = negative; DS 4–5 = positive.

    • ↵* P values of χ2 test refer to comparison of baseline CT vs. baseline PET or PET/CT.

    • ↵† Prevalence of positive scans was calculated as sum of number of scans in which both reviewers scored positively and half of scans with discrepancies divided by total number of scans.

    • Data are percentages, with 95%CIs in parentheses.

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    TABLE 2

    Interobserver Agreement on Specific Nodal and Extranodal Localizations on I-PET

    LocationNumber baseline positiveNumber of discrepancies on I-PETAgreement on negativity (absolute)Agreement on positivity (absolute)Percentage OARelated to baseline prevalence
    Nodal
    Paraaortic*414178991498.24.1%
    Cervical*†3028915699.12.6%
    Iliac*2726917799.42.2%
    Supraclavicular*2286920499.42.6%
    Axillary*2259920199.04.0%
    Mediastinal†21212445697.45.7%
    Inguinal*2103926199.71.4%
    Mesenteric189164331696.68.5%
    Hilar*†1477918399.24.8%
    Spleen†11511442697.69.6%
    Other1057457198.56.7%
    Waldeyer†538456098.315.1%
    Extranodal
    Other extranodal†12417436896.313.7%
    Skeletal†9512447497.412.6%
    Gastrointestinal†6112441797.416.7%
    Lung†553455699.45.5%
    Liver373461199.48.1%
    Pleura251464099.84.0%
    Skin1104650100.00.0%
    Central nervous system004650100.00.0%
    • ↵* Right and left are summed and presented together.

    • ↵† Totals not 465 or 930, because of missing values or localization scored as unclear.

    • Percentage OA = (number of agreement on positivity + number of agreement on negativity)/(number of discrepancies + number of agreement on positivity + number of agreement on negativity) × 100%; related to baseline prevalence = (number of discrepancies/number baseline positive) × 100%.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 59 (12)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 59, Issue 12
December 1, 2018
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Interobserver Agreement of Interim and End-of-Treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Impact on Clinical Practice and Trials
Coreline N. Burggraaff, Alexander C. Cornelisse, Otto S. Hoekstra, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Bart De Keizer, Anne I.J. Arens, Filiz Celik, Julia E. Huijbregts, Henrica C.W. De Vet, Josée M. Zijlstra
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Dec 2018, 59 (12) 1831-1836; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210807

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Interobserver Agreement of Interim and End-of-Treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: Impact on Clinical Practice and Trials
Coreline N. Burggraaff, Alexander C. Cornelisse, Otto S. Hoekstra, Pieternella J. Lugtenburg, Bart De Keizer, Anne I.J. Arens, Filiz Celik, Julia E. Huijbregts, Henrica C.W. De Vet, Josée M. Zijlstra
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Dec 2018, 59 (12) 1831-1836; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.210807
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