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Research ArticleOncology

Role of Diagnostic 131I SPECT/CT in Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma

Angela Spanu, Susanna Nuvoli, Ilaria Gelo, Luciana Mele, Bastiana Piras and Giuseppe Madeddu
Journal of Nuclear Medicine October 2018, 59 (10) 1510-1515; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.204636
Angela Spanu
Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Susanna Nuvoli
Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Ilaria Gelo
Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Luciana Mele
Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Bastiana Piras
Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Giuseppe Madeddu
Unit of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Article Figures & Data

Tables

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    TABLE 1

    Characteristics of PTMC Patients at Surgery

    CharacteristicPatients (n)
    Sex
     Male77
     Female274
    Age (range, 18–81 y)
     ≤45 y98
     45 y253
    Histology
     Papillary microcarcinoma351
    Size
     ≤5 mm157
     5 mm194
    Structural characteristics
     Unifocal252
     Multifocal, unilateral75
     Multifocal, bilateral24
     Extrathyroidal extension14
    Neck lymph node status
     Level VI lymph node metastases (N1a)20
     Cervical metastases (N1b)13
     Distant metastases1
    Risk stratification
     High risk20
     Low risk96
     Very low risk235
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    TABLE 2

    Planar WBS and SPECT/CT Classification of Radioiodine-Avid Foci

    Classification
    SitePlanar WBS*SPECT/CT†
    In neck220 radioiodine-avid foci263 radioiodine-avid foci
    162 residues159 residues
     2 metastases
     1 physiologic focus
    58 unclear30 residues
    23 metastases
    5 physiologic foci
    Planar WBS occult  foci
     25 residues
     18 metastases
    Outside neck28 radioiodine-avid foci35 radioiodine-avid foci
    11 metastases11 metastases
    2 cutaneous  contaminations2 cutaneous  contaminations
    15 unclear3 metastases
    4 benign disease
    8 physiologic foci
    Planar WBS occult  foci
     7 metastases
    • ↵* 248 foci in 126/351 patients.

    • ↵† 298 foci in 139/351 patients.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3

    Characteristics of Patients with Metastatic PTMC at Surgery and During Follow-up

    During follow-up
    At surgeryThyroglobulin (ng/mL)Lesions, planar WBS (n)Lesions, SPECT/CT (n)
    Patient no.Age (y)SexClinical diagnosisSize (mm)FocalityTNMLNMRiskHyporh TSHIn neckOutside neckIn neckOutside neck
    159FSTN-i5UFT1aN0M0VL<2.51U1LCL
    250FMNG-i5UFT1aN0M0VLUnd2LCL, 1SCL
    368MMNG-ni10UFT4N0M1BoneH>101U1PM, 5STM, 4ICL, 1U1 LCL1PM, 5STM, 4ICL, 1bone*, 1ABL
    461FMNG-i10UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1SML
    565FMNG-i2UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1SML
    643MSTN-ni10+microfociMF BLT1aN1bM0N1bH3U3LCL
    773FMNG-HD-i9+2MF BLT1aN1bM0L<2.51U1PTL1ML
    849FSTN-ni10+microfociMF ULT1aN1bM0L2.5–53U2SML, 1PTL1PM (NSCLC)
    949FMNG-i10UFT1aN0M0VL<2.51SML
    1066FSTN-ni10T1aN0M0L<2.51bone*
    1169FMNG-ni6+4MF BLT1aN1bM0L5–105U1U2SML, 2PTL, 1SCL1bone*
    1260FMNG-HD-i4UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1LCL
    1335FGD-i10UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1PTL
    1449FMNG-ni10+7MF BLT1aN0M0LUnd2U1SML, 1SCL
    1572FSTN-ni10UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1U1SCL
    1647MGD-i8UFT1aN0M0VL<2.51LCL, 1SML
    1738FSTN-ni6UFT1aN0M0VL<2.52 PTL
    1866FMNG-ni4UFT1aN1bM0N1bH2.5–52U4LCL, 1SCL1ML, 1PM
    1960FMNG-HD-ni10+5MF BLT1aN0M0L<2.51PM1PM, 1HPL
    2040MMNG-i7+3MF ULT1aN0M0LUnd1PTL
    2154FMNG-i5UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1U1SML
    2247FGD-i6UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1LCL
    2340FSTN-ni2.5+microfociMF ULT1aN1bM0N1bH5–102†1LCL, 1PTL
    2443FMNG-HD-i6UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1U1SML
    2543MSTN-HD-ni9+3MF, ULT1aN1aM0N1aHUnd1U1LCL
    2631FSTN-HD-ni10UFT1aN1bM0N1bH>101U2LCL
    2754FMNG-i7UFT1aN0M0VLUnd1U1ML
    • ↵* Ischium in patient 3, rib in patient 10, and spine in patient 11.

    • ↵† Wrongly classified as residues.

    • Clinical diagnosis: HD = Hashimoto thyroiditis; GD = Graves disease; i = incidental; MNG = multinodular goiter; ni = not incidental; STN = solitary thyroid nodule.

    • Focality: BL = bilateral; MF = multifocal; UF = unifocal; UL = unilateral.

    • LN = lymph node metastases; M = distant metastases.

    • Risk: H = at high risk; L = at low risk; VL = at very low risk.

    • Hypothyroidal (hypo) and recombinant human (rh) TSH: und = undetectable.

    • Lesions: ABL = abdominal LN; HPL = hilar pulmonary LN; ICL = inguinocrural LN; LCL = laterocervical LN; ML = mediastinal LN; NSCLC = non–small cell lung cancer; PM = pulmonary metastases; PTL = paratracheal LN; SCL = supraclavicular LN; SML = submandibular LN; STM = soft-tissue metastases; U = unclear.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 59 (10)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 59, Issue 10
October 1, 2018
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Role of Diagnostic 131I SPECT/CT in Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Angela Spanu, Susanna Nuvoli, Ilaria Gelo, Luciana Mele, Bastiana Piras, Giuseppe Madeddu
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Oct 2018, 59 (10) 1510-1515; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204636

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Role of Diagnostic 131I SPECT/CT in Long-Term Follow-up of Patients with Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma
Angela Spanu, Susanna Nuvoli, Ilaria Gelo, Luciana Mele, Bastiana Piras, Giuseppe Madeddu
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Oct 2018, 59 (10) 1510-1515; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.204636
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Keywords

  • papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC)
  • long-term follow-up
  • neck and distant metastases
  • 131I planar whole-body scan
  • 131I SPECT/CT
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