Research ArticleInstrumentation

Scatter Correction with Combined Single-Scatter Simulation and Monte Carlo Simulation Scaling Improved the Visual Artifacts and Quantification in 3-Dimensional Brain PET/CT Imaging with 15O-Gas Inhalation

Keiichi Magota, Tohru Shiga, Yukari Asano, Daiki Shinyama, Jinghan Ye, Amy E. Perkins, Piotr J. Maniawski, Takuya Toyonaga, Kentaro Kobayashi, Kenji Hirata, Chietsugu Katoh, Naoya Hattori and Nagara Tamaki
Journal of Nuclear Medicine December 2017, 58 (12) 2020-2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.193060

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • FIGURE 1.
    FIGURE 1.

    Procedures used for data acquisition and image reconstruction in phantom experiments. Plastic bottle filled with nonradioactive air (scan 1) and water or an 18F-FDG solution (scan 2) was attached to cylindric phantom. Attenuation and scatter corrections were performed for PET data in scan 2 using the CT data obtained in scan 1 (activity-in-air pattern) and using CT and PET data in scan 2 (activity-in-liquid pattern).

  • FIGURE 2.
    FIGURE 2.

    Typical sagittal images of phantom for activity-in-air pattern, activity-in-liquid pattern, and case without scatter correction, when bottle radioactivity levels were 0.0, 9.7, and 53.9 kBq/mL. Black arrowhead = slight high-activity artifact.

  • FIGURE 3.
    FIGURE 3.

    (A and B) Percentage errors of activity concentration in cylindric phantom and true activity concentration with respect to bottle radioactivity. Dotted line = TFS-SSS; solid line = MCS-SSS. Open and closed symbols represent slices with and without bottle, respectively. Scatter fractions in A and B are shown in C and D, respectively. Activity-in-air pattern (A and C); activity-in-liquid pattern (B and D).

  • FIGURE 4.
    FIGURE 4.

    CT image (A), μ-map (B), image obtained by superimposing μ-map and C15O2 PET image (C), and PET images (D) of patient in case 1 in sagittal view. (D) Axial (rows 1–3) and sagittal (row 4) images of C15O, 15O2, and C15O2 PET. Yellow arrow = face mask; black arrows = cold artifacts.

  • FIGURE 5.
    FIGURE 5.

    Axial (rows 1–3) and sagittal (row 4) images for assessment of CBF, CBV, CMRO2, and OEF of patient case 1. Yellow arrows = cold artifacts.

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