Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
(A) Detecting BAT mass (color overlay) by water-suppression efficiency using traditional spin-echo (SE) images and FSE images. Color map was WS contrast, masked by mask generated from overlapping masks of FSE and SE methods. (B) Detecting BAT mass (red–yellow overlay) via water-fat contrast using Dixon method. Blue tone = water image; green tone = fat image; red = water-to-fat contrast (indicator for BAT). Insert showed nonsubcutaneous fat mask generated by Dixon method. (C) BAT was located via cold-activated 18F-FDG PET imaging. MR imaging and PET methods detected BAT mass at similar locations (e.g., cross hairs). All images were from same subject but with slight anatomic differences between PET and MR imaging due to arm-up (PET) versus arm-down (MR imaging) posture. Images were from subject 1 (Table 1).
- FIGURE 2.
3D reconstruction of BAT mass using MR imaging (with FSE and SE and Dixon) and PET/CT (subject 2, Table 1).
- FIGURE 3.
fMRI detection of BAT activity on cold challenge (13°C–16°C). Degree of BOLD signal changes (red–yellow map) is superimposed on anatomic images (in gray scale). On cold stimulation, significant BOLD signal increases were found in regions identified as having BAT for subjects 1–3 (such as areas indicated by green circles). Subject 1 is same subject as in Figure 1.
Tables
MR imaging Subject no. WS contrast, FSE and SE Water-fat ratio, Dixon 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging 1 Left 18.1 19.5 20.2 Right 21.4 24.8 21.4 2 Left 22.6 18.2 22.4 Right 21.0 14.7 20.1 3 Left 13.8 Not applicable 27.8 Right 14.8 Not applicable 28.9 4 Left 23.3 Not applicable 28.9 Right 29.6 Not applicable 28.6 5 Left 21.5 24.3 Not applicable Right 27.4 31.0 Not applicable Only areas meeting WS contrast criteria (>10%) for FSE and SE method were counted toward BAT volume.
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