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Research ArticleBrief Communication

Measurement of Human Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Activity Using Anatomic MR Imaging and Functional MR Imaging

Yin-Ching Iris Chen, Aaron M. Cypess, Yih-Chieh Chen, Matthew Palmer, Gerald Kolodny, C. Ronald Kahn and Kenneth K. Kwong
Journal of Nuclear Medicine September 2013, 54 (9) 1584-1587; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.112.117275
Yin-Ching Iris Chen
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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Aaron M. Cypess
2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Yih-Chieh Chen
2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Matthew Palmer
2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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Gerald Kolodny
2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
4Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
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C. Ronald Kahn
2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
3Section of Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, Massachusetts; and
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Kenneth K. Kwong
1Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts
2Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    (A) Detecting BAT mass (color overlay) by water-suppression efficiency using traditional spin-echo (SE) images and FSE images. Color map was WS contrast, masked by mask generated from overlapping masks of FSE and SE methods. (B) Detecting BAT mass (red–yellow overlay) via water-fat contrast using Dixon method. Blue tone = water image; green tone = fat image; red = water-to-fat contrast (indicator for BAT). Insert showed nonsubcutaneous fat mask generated by Dixon method. (C) BAT was located via cold-activated 18F-FDG PET imaging. MR imaging and PET methods detected BAT mass at similar locations (e.g., cross hairs). All images were from same subject but with slight anatomic differences between PET and MR imaging due to arm-up (PET) versus arm-down (MR imaging) posture. Images were from subject 1 (Table 1).

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    FIGURE 2.

    3D reconstruction of BAT mass using MR imaging (with FSE and SE and Dixon) and PET/CT (subject 2, Table 1).

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    FIGURE 3.

    fMRI detection of BAT activity on cold challenge (13°C–16°C). Degree of BOLD signal changes (red–yellow map) is superimposed on anatomic images (in gray scale). On cold stimulation, significant BOLD signal increases were found in regions identified as having BAT for subjects 1–3 (such as areas indicated by green circles). Subject 1 is same subject as in Figure 1.

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    TABLE 1

    Estimated BAT Volume (mL)

    MR imaging
    Subject no.WS contrast, FSE and SEWater-fat ratio, Dixon18F-FDG PET/CT imaging
    1
     Left18.119.520.2
     Right21.424.821.4
    2
     Left22.618.222.4
     Right21.014.720.1
    3
     Left13.8Not applicable27.8
     Right14.8Not applicable28.9
    4
     Left23.3Not applicable28.9
     Right29.6Not applicable28.6
    5
     Left21.524.3Not applicable
     Right27.431.0Not applicable
    • Only areas meeting WS contrast criteria (>10%) for FSE and SE method were counted toward BAT volume.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 54 (9)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 54, Issue 9
September 1, 2013
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Measurement of Human Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Activity Using Anatomic MR Imaging and Functional MR Imaging
Yin-Ching Iris Chen, Aaron M. Cypess, Yih-Chieh Chen, Matthew Palmer, Gerald Kolodny, C. Ronald Kahn, Kenneth K. Kwong
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Sep 2013, 54 (9) 1584-1587; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.117275

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Measurement of Human Brown Adipose Tissue Volume and Activity Using Anatomic MR Imaging and Functional MR Imaging
Yin-Ching Iris Chen, Aaron M. Cypess, Yih-Chieh Chen, Matthew Palmer, Gerald Kolodny, C. Ronald Kahn, Kenneth K. Kwong
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Sep 2013, 54 (9) 1584-1587; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.117275
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Keywords

  • 18F-FDG
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  • cold-activation
  • Brown adipose tissue
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