Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Hepatic lobular architecture. (A) Central vein runs along central axis of each lobule, all of which merge to form hepatic veins. Hepatocytes occupy greatest volume of lobule, forming cords between portal triads and central vein, separated by sinusoids. (B) Repeating units of lobules form lattice pattern discernible on histologic sections.
- FIGURE 2.
90Y microsphere spheric model. Shell thicknesses: 10 μm (A), 100 μm (B), 1 mm (C), and 10 cm (D). (Graphical interface: MCNPPlot.)
- FIGURE 3.
3D depiction of MCNPX lobular model. (Graphical interface: VisEd.)
- FIGURE 4.
Planar depiction of model. (A) Plane yz view across stratified layers (in MCNPX: right hexagonal prism, RHP), with whole model height and width. (B) Plane zx view across RHPs (along stratified layers), with whole model length and width. (Graphical interface: MCNPPlot.)
- FIGURE 5.
Radial dose distribution around 32-μm-diameter 90Y microsphere (50-Bq initial activity). (A) Radial profile that extends until 1 cm. (B) Radial distribution along plane that crosses center of microsphere.
- FIGURE 6.
Electron tracks in MCNPX hexagonal lobule model. (Graphical interface: Moritz.)
- FIGURE 7.
Dose ratios between central and portal veins and between parenchyma and bile ducts. Ratios are shown for different numbers of microspheres per portal tract. Mean values of those ratios are also presented.
Tables
Structure Inner radius (μm) Outer radius (μm) Length (μm) Volume (mm3) Central vein 28 33 1,300 1.25·10−3 Portal vein 18 23.5 1,300 9.32·10−4 Hepatic artery 15 24 1,300 1.43·10−3 Bile ductule 13.1 21 1,300 1.10·10−3 90Y microsphere — 15 — 1.41·10−5 Lobule — 600 1,500 1.87 - TABLE 2
Results for 3 GBq/60 Million Sphere Administration, 150 cm3 Tumor, and 24 Microspheres per Portal Tract
Model Noncompartmental Compartmental Structural Fractional liver uptake NA 0.8 0.8 Activity in liver (GBq) 3 2.4 2.4 No. of spheres in liver (M) 60 48 48 Liver dose (Gy) 75 63 64 Tumor dose (Gy) NA 167 NA Hepatic artery dose (Gy) NA NA 188 Bile duct dose (Gy) NA NA 112 Portal vein dose (Gy) NA NA 109 Parenchymal dose (Gy) NA NA 63 Central vein dose (Gy) NA NA 59 NA = not assessed.
2,000 cm3 liver; LSF, 0; TLR, 3.
- TABLE 3
Results for 3 GBq/60 Million Sphere Administration, 300 cm3 tumor, and 22 Microspheres per Portal Tract
Model Noncompartmental Compartmental Structural Fractional liver uptake NA 0.65 0.65 Activity in liver (GBq) 3 1.95 1.95 No. of spheres in liver (M) 60 39 39 Liver dose (Gy) 75 56 56 Tumor dose (Gy) NA 167 NA Hepatic artery dose (Gy) NA NA 167 Bile duct dose (Gy) NA NA 100 Portal vein dose (Gy) NA NA 97 Parenchymal dose (Gy) NA NA 56 Central vein dose (Gy) NA NA 52 NA = not assessed.
2,000 cm3 liver; LSF, 0; TLR, 3.
- TABLE 4
Results for 3 GBq/1.2 Million Sphere Administration, 150 cm3 Tumor, with 1 Microsphere Every Other Portal Tract
Model Noncompartmental Compartmental Structural Fractional liver uptake NA 0.8 0.8 Activity in liver (GBq) 3 2.4 2.4 No. of spheres in liver (M) 60 48 0.96 Liver dose (Gy) 75 63 64 Tumor dose (Gy) NA 167 NA Hepatic artery dose (Gy) NA NA 58–339 Bile duct dose (Gy) NA NA 58–171 Portal vein dose (Gy) NA NA 58–167 Parenchymal dose (Gy) NA NA 64 Central vein dose (Gy) NA NA 58 NA = not assessed.
2,000 cm3 liver; LSF, 0; TLR, 3. Doses to portal tract structures are reported for both with- and without-microsphere cases.
- TABLE 5
Results for 3 GBq/1.2 Million Sphere Administration, 300 cm3 Tumor, with 1 Microsphere Every Other Portal Tract
Model Noncompartmental Compartmental Structural Fractional liver uptake NA 0.65 0.65 Activity in liver (GBq) 3 1.95 1.95 No. of spheres in liver (M) 60 0.78 0.78 Liver dose (Gy) 75 56 57 Tumor dose (Gy) NA 167 NA Hepatic artery dose (Gy) NA NA 52–300 Bile duct dose (Gy) NA NA 51–151 Portal vein dose (Gy) NA NA 51–148 Parenchymal dose (Gy) NA NA 56 Central vein dose (Gy) NA NA 51 NA = not assessed.
2,000 cm3 liver; LSF, 0; TLR, 3. Doses to portal tract structures are reported for both with- and without-microsphere cases.
Structure Absorbed dose (Gy) Reflective boundary Nonreflective boundary Difference Central veins 59 12 47 Portal veins 109 59 50 Hepatic arteries 188 137 51 Bile ductules 112 62 50 Parenchyma 63 15 48 2,000 cm3 liver; LSF, 0; TLR, 3; 3 GBq/60 M sphere administration, 150 cm3 tumor, and 24 microspheres per portal tract.
Structure Specific activity–normalized dose (Gy/MBq/g) Relative SD Central veins 47 3% Portal veins 86 3% Hepatic arteries 148 3% Bile ductules 87 3% Parenchyma 49 0.5% Cases considered for estimates are 1, 2, 4, 22, 24, and 64 microspheres per portal tract. SDs are similar to simulation numeric errors.
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