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Tables
- TABLE 1
Pregnancies and Induced Abortions (Therapeutic and Elective) as Function of Radioiodine Exposure
No. (%) of induced abortions Age (y) at conception (mean ± SD) No. (%) with: Factor (overall population) No. of pregnancies Alcohol intake Smoking habit Before any treatment 2,078 221 (11) 27 ± 6 158 (8) 238 (11) After surgery for differentiated thyroid carcinoma 595 120 (20) 95 (16) 71 (13) Cumulative radioiodine activity (MBq) before conception (mean ± SD) 0 112 26 (23) 30 ± 5 12 (11) 14 (13) <370 (185 ± 77) 197 45 (23) 31 ± 6 41 (22) 29 (15) 370–3,700 (2,257 ± 1,147) 74 15 (20) 30 ± 5 7 (10) 8 (11) >3,700 (8,066 ± 5,735) 212 34 (16) 31 ± 6 35 (17) 20 (9) Radioiodine activity during year before conception (MBq) 0 437 71 (16) 32 ± 6 62 (15) 58 (13) <370 124 31 (25) 30 ± 6 26 (22) 12 (10) ≥370 34 18 (50)* 29 ± 6 7 (21) 1 (3) ↵* P < 0.05, as determined by χ2 test for heterogeneity.
- TABLE 2
Untoward Outcomes of 2,673 Pregnancies as Function of Other Risk Factors at Time of Pregnancy
% of live births (n = 2,009) with: Factor (overall population) No. of pregnancies Induced abortions (%) Miscarriages (%) Stillbirths (%) Term of <37 wk Low birth weight Death at <1 y Malformation Age (y) at conception <35 2,320 11 9 1.6 6.8 8 0.9 3.4 >35 353 27.5* 19* 2.1 5.4 6 1.4 1.7 Smoking habit No 2,319 10.1 10.5 1.6 6.6 7.8 1 3.5 Yes 309 25.6* 11 1.5 5.5 8.1 0.7 1.3* Missing 45 Alcohol intake No 2,372 10.8 10.5 1.7 6.8 7.8 0.9 3.5 Yes 253 21.7* 12.3 1.2 4 8.3 1.2 0.8* Missing 48 Socioeconomic status Not low 1,750 12.6 11.1 1.7 5.5 7 1 3.4 Low 354 9.9 10.9 2 4.7 10.9* 1.3 3.9 Missing 569 ↵* P < 0.05, as determined by χ2 test for heterogeneity.
Induced abortions include both therapeutic and elective.
- TABLE 3
Outcomes of 2,332 Pregnancies as Function of 131I Exposure, Excluding Those Ending in Induced Abortions
Miscarriages Stillbirths Factor (overall population) No. of pregnancies No. % No. % Before any treatment 1,857 193 10.4 28 1.5 After surgery for thyroid cancer 475 92 20.7 6 1.6 Cumulative radioiodine activity before conception (MBq) 0 86 17 19.8 2 2.3 <370 152 28 18.4 3 2.0 370–3,700 59 9 15.3 0 0 >3,700 178 38 21.4* 1 0.6 Radioiodine activity during year before conception (MBq) 0 366 69 18.9 6 1.6 <370 93 20 21.5 0 0 ≥370 16 3 18.8 0 0 ↵* P < 0.05, as determined by χ2 test for heterogeneity.
- TABLE 4
Risk Factors for Induced Abortion (Therapeutic and Elective) and Miscarriage Among 595 Women After Thyroid Surgery, Adjusted for Age at Pregnancy
Induced abortions Miscarriages Risk factor OR 95% CI OR 95% CI Cumulative 131I* activity (for 37 MBq) 0.998 0.996–1 1.0004 0.999–1.002 Alcohol intake vs. no alcohol intake† 2.43 1.73–3.40 1.27 0.68–2.37 Smoking habit vs. no smoking habit† 3.21 2.37–4.34 1.04 0.68–1.61 Low socioeconomic status vs. high socioeconomic status† 0.71 0.90–1.99 1.58 0.84–2.98 Medications vs. no medications† 0.67 0.429–1.05 0.75 0.32–1.75 Dose during last year before pregnancy (MBq) 3.7–370 vs. <3.7 1.75 1.08–2.82 1.10 0.63–1.91 More than 370 < 3.7 5.74 2.79–11.8 0.53 0.15–1.91 Radiation dose, in mGy, to ovaries (range) % (no.) with: Factor (overall population) No. of live births % of girls Term of <37 wk Low birth weight Death at <1 y Malformation Thyroid disease Cancer Before any treatment 1,633 49.3 7.0 (114) 10.3 (168) 1.4 (22) 4.2 (68) 2.1 (34) 0.4 (6) After surgery for thyroid cancer 376 45.3 12.8 (44) 8.6 (33) 0.8 (3) 2.9 (11) 2.1 (8) 0.5 (2) Cumulative radioiodine activity before conception (MBq) 0 0 67 40.6 6.0 7.5 0.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 <370 7 (0–13) 121 50 11.6 13.2 1.6 1.7 4.0 2.4 370–3,700 85 (14–140) 49 40.8 4.1 2.0 0.0 6.1 2.0 0.0 >3,700 305 (141–1,443) 139 45 17.3 6.5 0.7 2.9 1.4 0.0 Radioiodine activity during year before conception (MBq) 0 0 290 46.6 12.8 8.0 1.0 3.4 1.7 1.0 <370 3.92 73 39.7 12.3 8.2 0.0 2.7 4.1 0.0 ≥370 144.2 13 46.2 15.4 7.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - TABLE 6
Classification of 79 Congenital Malformations Observed in 2,009 Live-Born Children
Congenital malformation (ICD-9 code) n Neural tube defects (742) Hydrocephalus 1 Anencephaly 1 Hemiparesis 1 Anomalies of eyes (743) Cataract 3 Glaucoma 2 Other 2 Anomalies of ear, face, and neck (744) Deafness 2 Heart defects (745–746) Tetralogy of Fallot 1 Cardiac septal defect 5 Other 3 Anomalies of respiratory system (748–749) Collapsed lung 2 Cleft palate 1 Cleft lip 1 Anomalies of digestive system (750–751) Esophageal atresia 1 Gastroschisis 2 Pyloric stenosis 6 Diaphragmatic hernia 1 Other 1 Anomalies of genital organs (752) Hypospadias 3 Cryptorchidism 2 Anomalies of urinary system (753) Bladder and ureter dysfunction 10 Musculosketetal abnormalities (754–755) Polydactyly and syndactyly 7 Hip dysplasia 9 Talipes equinovarus 3 Leg atrophy 2 Patella anomaly 1 Thoracic anomaly 1 Other 2 Down syndrome (758.0) 2 Marfan syndrome (759.8) 1 No. with: Factor (overall population) No. of live births Total no. of thyroid diseases Hypothyroidism Graves' disease/hyperthyroidism Euthyroid goiter Benign nodule Differentiated thyroid cancer Nonresectable nodule Before any treatment 1,633 34 5 3 8 2 3 13 After surgery for thyroid cancer 376 8 1 3 1 2 0 1 Cumulative radioiodine activity before conception (MBq) 0 67 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <370 121 5 0 1 1 2 0 1 370–3,700 49 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 >3,700 139 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 Radioiodine activity during year before conception (MBq) 0 290 5 1 0 0 2 0 0 <370 73 3 0 2 1 0 0 0 ≥370 13 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
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