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OtherBASIC SCIENCE INVESTIGATIONS

CELLDOSE: A Monte Carlo Code to Assess Electron Dose Distribution—S Values for 131I in Spheres of Various Sizes

Christophe Champion, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara and Elif Hindié
Journal of Nuclear Medicine January 2008, 49 (1) 151-157; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.107.045179
Christophe Champion
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Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
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Elif Hindié
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  • FIGURE 1. 
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    FIGURE 1. 

    Mean primary electron spectrum of 131I decays.

  • FIGURE 2. 
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    FIGURE 2. 

    Two-dimensional plot of a 5-keV electron track obtained with Monte Carlo code CELLDOSE. •, Inelastic interactions of primary electron. ○, Inelastic interactions of secondary electrons.

  • FIGURE 3. 
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    FIGURE 3. 

    Fraction of energy retained vs. sphere radius.

  • FIGURE 4. 
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    FIGURE 4. 

    Dose distribution across a sphere of 500 μm radius. Dose was assessed in concentric spheric shells at equidistant intervals of 10 μm starting from the center (first shell, 0–10 μm). Vertical dashed line indicates border of sphere. Profile of dose distribution is normalized using as reference dose at the center (A) or average sphere dose (B).

  • FIGURE 5. 
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    FIGURE 5. 

    Plots of relative contribution from β−-particles, Auger electrons, and internal conversion electrons vs. sphere radius.

Tables

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    TABLE 1

    Fraction of Electron Energy Retained in Each Sphere and S Values: Comparison with S Values Reported by Goddu et al. and by Bardiès and Chatal

    Sphere radius (μm)Sphere diameter (μm)Fraction of energy retained in sphereS value (Gy Bq−1s−1): this workS value: Goddu et al. (12,13)*Comparison with present work†S value: Bardiès and Chatal (14)‡Comparison with present work§
    0.050.14.3 × 10−42.51 × 101
    0.10.26.81 × 10−44.82
    0.512.13 × 10−31.22 × 10−1
    123.42 × 10−32.42 × 10−22.53 × 10−2+4.5%
    5101.18 × 10−26.70 × 10−46.5 × 10−4−3%
    10202.15 × 10−21.55 × 10−41.45 × 10−4−6.5%1.61 × 10−4+3.9%
    15303.02 × 10−26.53 × 10−56.93 × 10−5+6.1%
    501008.73 × 10−25.08 × 10−65.38 × 10−6+5.9%
    1002001.53 × 10−11.12 × 10−61.03 × 10−6−8%1.2 × 10−6+7.1%
    1503002.11 × 10−14.55 × 10−74.91 × 10−7+7.9%
    2004002.62 × 10−12.39 × 10−72.16 × 10−7−9.6%2.59 × 10−7+8.4%
    3006003.5 × 10−19.47 × 10−81.03 × 10−7+8.8%
    5001,0004.92 × 10−12.86 × 10−82.8 × 10−8−2.1%3.11 × 10−8+8.7%
    1,5003,0007.84 × 10−11.69 × 10−91.77 × 10−9+4.7%
    2,5005,0008.71 × 10−14.07 × 10−104.01 × 10−10−1.5%4.17 × 10−10+2.5%
    • ↵* Data from Goddu et al.: for radii 1, 5, and 10 μm (12); for the other spheres (13).

    • ↵† Result of Goddu et al. minus our result, divided by our result.

    • ↵‡ Data from Bardiès and Chatal (14).

    • ↵§ Result of Bardiès and Chatal, minus our result, divided by our result.

    • View popup
    TABLE 2

    Comparison of S Values in This Work with S Values of Li et al.

    Sphere radius (μm)Sphere diameter (μm)S value (Gy Bq−1s−1): present workS value: Li et al. (7)*Comparison with present work†
    0.050.12.51 × 101
    0.10.24.82
    0.511.22 × 10−1
    122.42 × 10−2
    5106.70 × 10−46.8 × 10−4+1.5%
    15306.53 × 10−57.2 × 10−5+10.3%
    501005.08 × 10−65.5 × 10−6+8.3%
    1503004.55 × 10−74.9 × 10−7+7.7%
    5001,0002.86 × 10−83.1 × 10−8+8.4%
    1,5003,0001.69 × 10−91.8 × 10−9+6.5%
    • ↵* Data from Li et al. based on (7).

    • ↵† Result of Li et al., minus our result, divided by our result.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3

    Dose Distribution Inside a Sphere of 500 μm Radius Containing a Homogeneous Distribution of 131I

    Distance from center (spheric shells of 10 μm)Relative dose (average sphere dose as reference)Percentage of dose compared with dose at center (%)
    Center (0; 10 μm)1.32100%
    90; 100 μm1.398.5%
    190; 200 μm1.2695.5
    290; 300 μm1.1788.6
    390; 400 μm1.0277.3
    400; 410 μm175.8
    410; 420 μm0.97774
    420; 430 μm0.95272.1
    430; 440 μm0.92570
    440; 450 μm0.89567.8
    450; 460 μm0.86265.3
    460; 470 μm0.82562.5
    470; 480 μm0.78259.2
    480; 490 μm0.72955.2
    490; 500 μm0.65749.8
    • View popup
    TABLE 4

    Relative Contribution to S Values from β−-Particles, Auger Electrons, and Internal Conversion Electrons

    Sphere radius (μm)Sphere diameter (μm)Fraction of energy retained in sphereAuger contribution (%)CE contribution (%)β− contribution (%)
    0.050.14.3 × 10−476.81.222
    0.10.26.81 × 10−468.71.629.7
    0.512.13 × 10−348.62.848.6
    123.42 × 10−336.53.659.9
    5101.18 × 10−213.46.180.6
    10202.15 × 10−28.5784.5
    501008.73 × 10−22.59.188.4
    1002001.53 × 10−11.47.291.4
    5001,0004.94 × 10−10.454.794.9
    2,5005,0008.71 × 10−10.254.894.9
    • CE = conversion electron.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 49 (1)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 49, Issue 1
January 2008
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CELLDOSE: A Monte Carlo Code to Assess Electron Dose Distribution—S Values for 131I in Spheres of Various Sizes
Christophe Champion, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara, Elif Hindié
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Jan 2008, 49 (1) 151-157; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.045179

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CELLDOSE: A Monte Carlo Code to Assess Electron Dose Distribution—S Values for 131I in Spheres of Various Sizes
Christophe Champion, Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara, Elif Hindié
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Jan 2008, 49 (1) 151-157; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.107.045179
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