Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Reconstructed HED images of pigs with normal (A), hibernating (B), or infarcted (C) myocardium. Standard views demonstrate homogeneous HED uptake in a healthy control animal. In contrast, a severe and extensive HED defect involving LAD distribution is seen in the pig with hibernating myocardium, consistent with sympathetic dysinnervation. In the animal with subendocardial infarction in the LAD distribution, the defect in HED uptake is similar to that in hibernating myocardium. HED activity is color coded from red, with the greatest activity, to blue-black, with the least. HLA = horizontal long axis; SA = short axis; VLA = vertical long axis.
- FIGURE 2.
Representative polar map and averaged segmental HED uptake in animals with hibernating myocardium. Polar map from an animal with hibernating myocardium (left) shows a large and severe defect in HED uptake in the anteroseptal, anterior, and apical regions. Schematic polar map (right) shows average HED uptake, as percentage of maximum uptake, in each of 17 segments in animals with hibernating myocardium. Shading indicates regions with significantly lower HED uptake in animals with hibernating myocardium than in noninstrumented control animals.
- FIGURE 3.
Average regional HED retention in pigs with hibernating myocardium. (A) In comparison with remote normally perfused myocardium, absolute HED retention was reduced by ∼50% in the hibernating LAD region (P < 0.001). (B) Similar relationship was evident when HED uptake was normalized to maximum segmental uptake in each animal. *P < 0.05 vs. remote.
- FIGURE 4.
Polar maps showing the development of HED defects in hibernating myocardium. (A) Preserved HED uptake at 1 mo confirmed that LAD instrumentation did not affect regional sympathetic nerve function. (B and C) Polar maps serially obtained in the same animal at 2 mo (B) and 3 mo (C) after instrumentation show clear progression from a small, localized defect in apex at 2 mo (relative uptake [LAD/normal], 0.76) to a larger and more severe defect 3 mo after instrumentation (relative uptake, 0.50). Ant = anterior; I = inferior; L = lateral; S = septum.
- FIGURE 5.
Regression analysis of HED retention in animals with hibernating myocardium. Absolute regional HED retention was plotted against months after instrumentation for both hibernating LAD region (♦) and normally perfused remote myocardium (○). In both regions, retention remained essentially constant for at least 2 mo (P = NS for both regressions). Thus, after development of hibernating myocardium, HED retention does not improve or deteriorate over time.
- FIGURE 6.
Norepinephrine analog retention in hibernating myocardium. (A and B) Absolute HED retention (A) in hibernating LAD and remote myocardium from the present study is compared with full-thickness MIBG retention (B) from our previous study (13). (C) Difference in relative retention (LAD/normal) was significantly greater, with HED reflecting improved specificity as a result of less nonspecific uptake of this tracer than of MIBG (gray bar). *P < 0.05 vs. remote. †P < 0.05 vs. MIBG.
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