Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Flowchart showing selection of study participants.
- FIGURE 2.
Comparison of [18F]FDG uptake in cingulum and hippocampus (Hipp) for patients with low (z score < 0) vs. high (z score > 0) performance on DKEFS-TM4 (A) and WRAML-VIS (B), respectively. (A) Regression analysis showed significant correlation between SUVmean and DKEFS-TM4 for prefrontal cortex and cingulum (P = 0.003 and P = 0.012, respectively) but not for hippocampus (P = 0.111). (B) There was no significant correlation between SUVmean and WRAML-VIS for prefrontal cortex, cingulum, or hippocampus.
- FIGURE 3.
Comparison of CBFmean in cingulum and hippocampus (Hipp) for patients with low (z score < 0) vs. high (z score > 0) performance on DKEFS-TM4 (Fig. 3A) and WRAML-VIS (Fig. 3B), respectively. (A) Regression analysis showed significant correlation between CBFmean and DKEFS-TM4 for cingulum, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex (all P < 0.001). (B) CBFmean for hippocampus and WRAML-VIS was inversely correlated (P = 0.003). However, there was no correlation between CBFmean and WRAML-VIS for cingulum (P = 0.071) and prefrontal cortex (P = 0.052).
Tables
Modality Parameter Specification [18F]FDG PET Image protocol 30-min static acquisition Image plane Axial Slice thickness (mm) 2.78 Field of view (cm) 60 Matrix size (mm) 192 × 192 Reconstruction algorithm Time of flight (28 subsets, 8 iterations) Glucose uptake (mg/dL) 85.9 ± 10.16 (mean ± SD) Dose (MBq/kg) 176.49 ± 42.55 (mean ± SD) Uptake time (min) 43.50 ± 6.67 (mean ± SD) MRI* 3D inversion recovery fast SPGR Image plane Axial Slice thickness (mm) 1 Field of view (cm) 27 Matrix size (mm) 256 × 256 Echo time (ms) 3.1 Repetition time (ms) 7,664 Flip angle 11° Number of excitations 1.00 2D diffusion-weighted imaging† Image plane Axial Slice thickness (mm) 5 Field of view (cm) 24 Matrix size (mm) 128 × 128 Echo time (ms) 76.5 Repetition time (ms) 5,000 Flip angle 90° Number of excitations 3.00 3D arterial spin labeling† Image plane Axial Slice thickness (mm) 4 Field of view (cm) 24 Matrix size (mm) 512 × 8 Echo time (ms) 10.7 Repetition time (ms) 4,854 Flip angle 111° Number of excitations 3.00 ↵* 3D T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and 3D multiple-echo gradient-echo (QSM/R2*) sequences were also acquired.
↵† Diffusion-weighted images were acquired with 2 diffusion weightings (b = 0 and 1,000 s/mm2). Apparent diffusion coefficient maps were automatically generated by software. Postprocessed arterial spin labeling imaging was performed by automated reconstruction script that sent CBF images directly to PACS.
Function Measure Average range Anatomic region Broadman area Executive function DKEFS 10 ± 3 Prefrontal cortex Middle frontal gyrus and gyrus rectus (9 and 10/11) Cingulum Anterior cingulate gyrus (24, 32, 33); posterior cingulate gyrus (23, 26, 29, 30, and 31) Intellectual quotient WASI 100 ± 10 Prefrontal cortex 9 and 10/11 Verbal and nonverbal memory WRAML 100 ± 10 Hippocampus 27, 28, 34, 35, 36, and 48 Each neurocognitive test comprised 2 or more battery sets: Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS)-sequential tracking (TM4), DKEFS–design/nonverbal tasks, DKEFS–inhibition, Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI)–full-scale intellectual quotient, WASI–verbal comprehension index, WASI–perceptual reasoning index, Wide Range Assessment of Memory and Learning (WRAML)–screening memory, WRMAL–verbal memory, and WRMAL-VIS.
Hippocampus Cingulum Prefrontal cortex Neurocognitive test PET/MRI measure Slope P Slope P Slope P WRAML-VIS (n = 16) SUVmean 0.46 0.285 1.02 0.143 1.01 0.173 CBFmean −6.04 0.003 −5.97 0.071 −5.93 0.052 DKEFS-TM4 (n = 10) SUVmean 2.70 0.111 4.82 0.012 5.41 0.003 CBFmean 8.68 <0.001 19.6 <0.001 10.9 <0.001 n = number of measurements.
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