Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Past Issues
    • JNM Supplement
    • SNMMI Annual Meeting Abstracts
  • Subscriptions
    • Subscribers
    • Institutional and Non-member
    • Rates
    • Corporate & Special Sales
    • Journal Claims
  • Authors
    • Submit to JNM
    • Information for Authors
    • Assignment of Copyright
    • AQARA requirements
  • Info
    • Continuing Education
    • Reviewers
    • Permissions
    • Advertisers
  • About
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Contact Information
  • More
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • SNMMI Journals
  • SNMMI
    • JNM
    • JNMT
    • SNMMI Journals
    • SNMMI

User menu

  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
  • SNMMI
    • JNM
    • JNMT
    • SNMMI Journals
    • SNMMI
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Ahead of print
    • Past Issues
    • JNM Supplement
    • SNMMI Annual Meeting Abstracts
  • Subscriptions
    • Subscribers
    • Institutional and Non-member
    • Rates
    • Corporate & Special Sales
    • Journal Claims
  • Authors
    • Submit to JNM
    • Information for Authors
    • Assignment of Copyright
    • AQARA requirements
  • Info
    • Continuing Education
    • Reviewers
    • Permissions
    • Advertisers
  • About
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Contact Information
  • More
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Help
    • SNMMI Journals
  • Visit JNM on Facebook
  • Join JNM on LinkedIn
  • Follow JNM on Twitter
  • Subscribe to our RSS feeds
Meeting ReportOral - PhysicianPharm

36-to-1 Multiplexing with Prism-PET for High Resolution TOF-DOI PET

Andy LaBella, Eric Petersen, Xinjie Cao, Xinjie Zeng, Wei Zhao and Amir Goldan
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2021, 62 (supplement 1) 38;
Andy LaBella
1Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Eric Petersen
1Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Xinjie Cao
1Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Xinjie Zeng
1Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Wei Zhao
1Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Amir Goldan
1Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY United States
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
Loading

Abstract

38

Introduction: We’ve developed a multiplexing scheme that takes advantage of Prism-PET’s deterministic light sharing to enable up to 36-to-1 crystal-to-channel coupling (i.e., 4 readout pixels per channel when using 9-to-1 crystal-to-pixel coupling). Prism-PET is a cost-effective high resolution PET detector module that has been shown to achieve sub-2 mm depth of interaction (DOI) resolution and on the order of 1 mm spatial resolution. In this work, we present a multiplexing scheme that takes advantage of Prism-PET’s unique deterministic optical properties to reduce readout data with minimal impact on module performance.

Methods: We acquired PET-like flood data on 4-to-1 and 9-to-1 coupled Prism-PET modules with a 3 MBq Na-22 point source (1 mm active diameter). The Prism-PET modules consisted of arrays of LYSO crystals (16 x 16 array of 1.4 x 1.4 x 20 mm crystals for 4-to-1, 24 x 24 array of 0.9 x 0.9 x 20 mm crystals for 9-to-1) coupled to 3 x 3 mm silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels on one end and to a prismatoid light guide array on the opposite end. Signal multiplexing was performed via post-processing by integrating the readout signals across multiple pixels to achieve 16-to-1 crystal-to-channel multiplexing with 4-to-1 coupled Prism-PET and 36-to-1 multiplexing with 9-to-1 coupled Prism-PET (Figure 1). The multiplexing scheme was devised based on Prism-PET’s deterministic light sharing characteristics, which optically isolate intercrystal light sharing to a subset of nearest neighbor crystals. Thus, with the proposed multiplexing scheme shown in Figure 1, none of the signal from intercrystal light sharing will be lost since all multiplexed pixels are spaced at least 1 apart in each direction. We also acquired flood data at 19 different depths (1-19 mm in steps of 1 mm across the 20 mm length) with the 4-to-1 coupled Prism-PET module using lead collimation with a 1 mm pinhole to determine the DOI performance. A convolutional neural network (CNN) with a U-Net architecture was used for 8 x 8 flood histogram generation from a 16 x 1 input layer of multiplexed data (Figure 2). CNN training was carried out using 80% of the dataset. Adadelta was used for training optimization and mean-squared error was used as the loss metric. A batch size of 500 and 50 epochs were used for training. 20% of the dataset was used for model testing. Energy weighted average method was used to perform DOI localization.

Results: Following CNN training convergence, excellent crystal identification was observed at the center, edges and corners in the plotted flood histograms using the 16 x 1 multiplexed data for both the 4-to-1 and 9-to-1 coupled Prism-PET modules (Figures 3 and 4). Average DOI resolution across all measured depths was 2.32 mm full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) for non-multiplexed data and 2.73 mm FWHM for multiplexed data (Figure 5), representing only minor performance degradation. Conclusion: We’ve presented a smart, low-capacitance multiplexing scheme for Prism-PET and experimentally validated its efficacy. Our proposed multiplexing scheme further improves Prism-PET’s data and power efficiency, enabling cost-effective high resolution TOF-DOI readout. Figure 1. 2D schematic of anode (X) connections in the proposed multiplexing scheme. Figure 2. Schematic representation of a CNN (U-Net) used to generate an 8 x 8 flood map from 16 x 1 multiplexed data. Figure 3. Experimental flood histogram results of 4-to-1 coupled Prism-PET using the proposed multiplexing scheme with a CNN after 1 training epoch (left) and after training for 50 epochs (right) on 16 x 1 multiplexed data. Figure 4. Experimental flood histogram results of 9-to-1 coupled Prism-PET using the proposed multiplexing scheme with a CNN after 1 training epoch (left) and after training for 50 epochs (right) on 16 x 1 multiplexed data. Figure 5. Experimental results for depth of interaction resolution of a center crystal in a 4-to-1 coupled Prism-PET module at different depths (2-18 mm in steps of 4 mm) with and without multiplexed readout.

Figure
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Previous
Back to top

In this issue

Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 62, Issue supplement 1
May 1, 2021
  • Table of Contents
  • Index by author
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
36-to-1 Multiplexing with Prism-PET for High Resolution TOF-DOI PET
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Journal of Nuclear Medicine
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Journal of Nuclear Medicine web site.
Citation Tools
36-to-1 Multiplexing with Prism-PET for High Resolution TOF-DOI PET
Andy LaBella, Eric Petersen, Xinjie Cao, Xinjie Zeng, Wei Zhao, Amir Goldan
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2021, 62 (supplement 1) 38;

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
36-to-1 Multiplexing with Prism-PET for High Resolution TOF-DOI PET
Andy LaBella, Eric Petersen, Xinjie Cao, Xinjie Zeng, Wei Zhao, Amir Goldan
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2021, 62 (supplement 1) 38;
Twitter logo Facebook logo LinkedIn logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

Oral - PhysicianPharm

  • Usefulness of99mTc SESTAMIBI Scintigraphy in Persistent Hyperparathyroidism after Kidney Transplant
  • Toll-like receptor 5 in triple-negative breast cancer: a novel reporter for tumor progression
  • Phase I safety and bioimaging trial of ifabotuzumab in patients with glioblastoma
Show more Oral - PhysicianPharm

Physics, Instrumentation and Data Science Young Investigator Award Session

  • Unsupervised background removal by dual-modality PET/CT guidance: application to PSMA imaging of metastases
  • Super-resolution in brain PET Using a Real Time Motion Capture System
Show more Physics, Instrumentation and Data Science Young Investigator Award Session

Similar Articles

SNMMI

© 2023 Journal of Nuclear Medicine

Powered by HighWire