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Research ArticleMolecular Imaging

Sex as a Biologic Variable in Preclinical Imaging Research: Initial Observations with 18F-FLT

Szeman Ruby Chan, Kelley Salem, Justin Jeffery, Ginny L. Powers, Yongjun Yan, Kooresh I. Shoghi, Aparna M. Mahajan and Amy M. Fowler
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2018, 59 (5) 833-838; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.117.199406
Szeman Ruby Chan
1Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Kelley Salem
2Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Justin Jeffery
3University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Ginny L. Powers
2Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Yongjun Yan
2Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
4Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Kooresh I. Shoghi
5Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; and
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Aparna M. Mahajan
6Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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Amy M. Fowler
2Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
3University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
4Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    18F-FLT biodistribution (%ID/g) in male and female 129S6/SvEv (A), athymic nude (B), and BALB/c (C) mice sacrificed 1 and 2 h after injection of 0.74–0.89 MBq (20–24 μCi) of 18F-FLT (n = 5 129S6/SvEv, 5 athymic nude, and 4 BALB/c mice per time point). *P < 0.05 (male vs. female for each tissue).

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    FIGURE 2.

    18F-FLT PET/CT maximal-intensity-projection images of representative female (n = 3) and male (n = 3) athymic nude mice scanned concurrently 1 h after injection of 0.93 MBq (25 μCi) of 18F-FLT.

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    FIGURE 3.

    Time–activity curves for 18F-FLT in male and female athymic nude mice imaged using dynamic PET from 0 to 60 min after injection of approximately 0.93 MBq (25 μCi) of 18F-FLT. Regions of interest were drawn, and time–activity curves determined, for urinary bladder (A), kidney (B), blood (C), liver (D), bone (E), and muscle (F).

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    FIGURE 4.

    18F-FDG biodistribution (%ID/g) in male and female 129S6/SvEv mice sacrificed 1 and 2 h after injection of 0.74 MBq (20 μCi) of 18F-FDG (n = 5 per group). *P < 0.05 (male vs. female for each tissue).

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    FIGURE 5.

    18F-FLT biodistribution (T:M %ID/g) in SSM3 mammary tumor–bearing and CWR22 prostate cancer xenograft–bearing mice sacrificed 1 h (n = 5 SSM3 and 4 CWR22) and 2 h (n = 5 SSM3 and 5 CWR22) after injection of 0.85 MBq (23 μCi) of 18F-FLT. *P < 0.05 (CWR22 vs. SSM3 tumors).

  • FIGURE 6.
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    FIGURE 6.

    (A) 18F-FLT biodistribution (tumor [T] and muscle [M] %ID/g) in female (n = 5) and male (n = 5) mice bearing hormone-independent, estrogen receptor–negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells and sacrificed 2 h after injection of 0.67–0.78 MBq (18–21 μCi) of 18F-FLT. *P < 0.05 (tumor vs. muscle). #P < 0.05 (female tumor vs. male tumor). (B) Representative Ki-67 immunohistochemistry of MDA-MB-231 tumors (×40).

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 59 (5)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 59, Issue 5
May 1, 2018
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Sex as a Biologic Variable in Preclinical Imaging Research: Initial Observations with 18F-FLT
Szeman Ruby Chan, Kelley Salem, Justin Jeffery, Ginny L. Powers, Yongjun Yan, Kooresh I. Shoghi, Aparna M. Mahajan, Amy M. Fowler
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2018, 59 (5) 833-838; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199406

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Sex as a Biologic Variable in Preclinical Imaging Research: Initial Observations with 18F-FLT
Szeman Ruby Chan, Kelley Salem, Justin Jeffery, Ginny L. Powers, Yongjun Yan, Kooresh I. Shoghi, Aparna M. Mahajan, Amy M. Fowler
Journal of Nuclear Medicine May 2018, 59 (5) 833-838; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.199406
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