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Research ArticleClinical Investigations

Age-Related Sex-Specific Changes in Brain Metabolism and Morphology

Akihiro Kakimoto, Shigeru Ito, Hiroyuki Okada, Sadahiko Nishizawa, Satoshi Minoshima and Yasuomi Ouchi
Journal of Nuclear Medicine February 2016, 57 (2) 221-225; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.166439
Akihiro Kakimoto
1Diagnostic Imaging Application Group, PET Business Promotion Department, Development Bureau, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
2Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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Shigeru Ito
1Diagnostic Imaging Application Group, PET Business Promotion Department, Development Bureau, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
3Hamamatsu Medical Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan; and
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Hiroyuki Okada
1Diagnostic Imaging Application Group, PET Business Promotion Department, Development Bureau, Hamamatsu Photonics K.K., Hamamatsu, Japan
3Hamamatsu Medical Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan; and
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Sadahiko Nishizawa
3Hamamatsu Medical Imaging Center, Hamamatsu Medical Photonics Foundation, Hamamatsu, Japan; and
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Satoshi Minoshima
4Department of Radiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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Yasuomi Ouchi
2Department of Biofunctional Imaging, Medical Photonics Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    BAs on 3D-SSP template images based on a previous report (14). Each BA was segmented on brain surface projection atlas (MRI template) of 3D-SSP tools. In this report, right/left hemispheres and lateral/medial cortices were distinguished and analyzed individually. Figures denote left lateral (A) and right medial (B) brain regions.

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    FIGURE 2.

    Age-related changes in 3D-SSP z scores of men and women in different age groups. Red and green indicate reductions in levels of MRI and PET values, respectively. Yellow denotes mixture of MRI (red) and PET (green) values, indicating parallel change.

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    FIGURE 3.

    Sex-specific differences in 3D-SSP t scores (male < female and female < male) in different age groups. Red and green indicate reductions in levels of MRI and PET values, respectively. Yellow denotes mixture of MRI (red) and PET (green) values, indicating parallel change.

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    FIGURE 4.

    BA-based analysis between sexes. Vertical axes show pixel value corrected for whole-brain count. (A and C) Asterisks tagged on PET denote dominant changes in metabolism. (B and D) Presence of both asterisks (MRI and PET) denotes parallel changes in morphology and metabolism. Image insets indicate BAs of interest. n.s. = nonsignificant. *P < 0.05.

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    TABLE 1

    Subject Demographics

    MenWomenComorbid disease
    Age (y)nMMSEnMMSEHTHCDMInsomniaAnxietyOPOther
    30–404029.9 ± 0.33329.7 ± 0.50 M, 0 F0 M, 0 F0 M, 0 F1 M, 0 F1 M, 0 F0 M, 1 F1 M, 0 F
    41–458529.8 ± 0.49129.8 ± 0.41 M, 1 F0 M, 1 F0 M, 0 F0 M, 0 F1 M, 0 F1 M, 0 F2 M, 3 F
    46–507529.8 ± 0.47529.7 ± 0.41 M, 0 F0 M, 1 F0 M, 0 F1 M, 1 F1 M, 1 F2 M, 0 F1 M, 3 F
    51–558129.8 ± 0.47629.6 ± 0.59 M, 8 F0 M, 2 F1 M, 0 F0 M, 0 F0 M, 0 F0 M, 1 F0 M, 3 F
    56–607229.7 ± 0.58129.5 ± 0.610 M, 8 F6 M, 6 F1 M, 1 F1 M, 1 F1 M, 2 F0 M, 4 F0 M, 3 F
    61–657029.4 ± 0.86729.2 ± 0.819 M, 9 F8 M, 13 F2 M, 3 F3 M, 7 F4 M, 3 F2 M, 5 F1 M, 0 F
    66–703829.3 ± 0.92429.4 ± 0.96 M, 7 F7 M, 6 F2 M, 1 F5 M, 2 F2 M, 0 F0 M, 1 F0 M, 0 F
    71–903229.1 ± 1.02328.7 ± 1.48 M, 11 F2 M, 7 F3 M, 0 F1 M, 6 F3 M, 1 F0 M, 1 F1 M, 0 F
    Total49329.6 ± 0.647029.5 ± 0.754 M, 44 F23 M, 36 F9 M, 5 F12 M, 17 F13 M, 7 F5 M, 13 F6 M, 12 F
    • MMSE = mini-mental state examination; HT = hypertension; HC = hypercholesterolemia; DM = diabetes mellitus; OP = orthopedic illness (arthritis, lumbar pain) treated with analgesics; other = hormonal replacement, pollakiuria, arrhythmia.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 57 (2)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 57, Issue 2
February 1, 2016
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Age-Related Sex-Specific Changes in Brain Metabolism and Morphology
Akihiro Kakimoto, Shigeru Ito, Hiroyuki Okada, Sadahiko Nishizawa, Satoshi Minoshima, Yasuomi Ouchi
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Feb 2016, 57 (2) 221-225; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.166439

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Age-Related Sex-Specific Changes in Brain Metabolism and Morphology
Akihiro Kakimoto, Shigeru Ito, Hiroyuki Okada, Sadahiko Nishizawa, Satoshi Minoshima, Yasuomi Ouchi
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Feb 2016, 57 (2) 221-225; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.166439
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