Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Optical imaging of γ-emitters and photon beams. (A) Radioluminescence image of 99mTc-pertechnetate distribution in Nu/ν mice showing salivary, thyroid, and stomach uptake. (B) Linear accelerator phantom study to image Cerenkov light from photon beam interactions with water. Distance of camera to water phantom is 3 m. (C) Two-dimensional projections of experimentally imaged 3-dimensional (3D) Cerenkov light volume (left) and nonlinearly summed 3D dose matrix from TPS (center) are shown for the VMAT treatment plan. Resulting γ-index map is shown with a 3%/3-mm dose difference and DTA criterion (right). DTA = distance-to-agreement; TPS = treatment planning system; VMAT = volumetric-modulated arc therapy. (A and B–C adapted with permission of (6) and (9), respectively.)
- FIGURE 2.
Cerenkov imaging of therapeutic radiotracers. (Top) CLI of 90Y-DOTA-AR in mice with PC-3 prostate cancer tumors. Tumors (red arrow) show high radiance at 4 h after injection (pi) with partial clearance at 24 h after injection. (Bottom) Ex vivo images at 4 h after injection, with tumor clearly delineated (red arrow). Green arrows = kidneys; yellow arrow = stomach; blue arrow = large intestine. (Adapted with permission of (17).)
- FIGURE 3.
Optical imaging of charged particle beams. (A) Various interactions that may occur during charged particle beam therapy, including primary Cerenkov production, secondary Cerenkov, and various scattering and absorption processes. (B) Imaging of a patient undergoing postlumpectomy radiation therapy (inset, plan) using time domain–gated imaging system, which is synchronized to delivered radiation pulses. (C) Cerenkov images of each patient and corresponding white-light images (left). Edge-enhanced Cerenkov images for each patient (right). (Adapted with permission of (28), © Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine.)
- FIGURE 4.
Radioluminescence microscopy. (A) Choice of scintillator matters. Scheme of radioluminescence microscopy setup comparing 500-μm CdWO4 scintillator (left) and 10-μm Lu2O3:Eu scintillator (right). Because of thinness of Lu2O3:Eu scintillator, ionization tracks are shorter than with thicker CdWO4 scintillator. (B) Comparison of Lu2O3:Eu (top) and CdWO4 (bottom) scintillators with 18F-FDG, showing bright-field, radioluminescence, and overlaid images. (C) MDA-MB-231 cells imaged using 18F-FLT and radioluminescence microscopy (top) or 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and fluorescence microscopy (bottom). Red and green arrows indicate cells with negative and positive signals, respectively. (A–B and C adapted with permission of (36) and (37), respectively.)
