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Research ArticleBasic Science Investigations

Quantitative Determination of Apoptosis of Pancreatic β-Cells in a Murine Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Ayahisa Watanabe, Ken-ichi Nishijima, Songji Zhao, Yan Zhao, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Hiroshi Takemoto, H. William Strauss, Francis G. Blankenberg, Nagara Tamaki and Yuji Kuge
Journal of Nuclear Medicine October 2012, 53 (10) 1585-1591; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.111.102459
Ayahisa Watanabe
1Department of Radiobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
2Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
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Ken-ichi Nishijima
3Department of Tracer Kinetics and Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Songji Zhao
3Department of Tracer Kinetics and Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
4Department of Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Yan Zhao
3Department of Tracer Kinetics and Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Yoshikazu Tanaka
2Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
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Hiroshi Takemoto
2Shionogi Innovation Center for Drug Discovery, Shionogi and Co., Ltd., Sapporo, Japan
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H. William Strauss
5Department of Nuclear Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Francis G. Blankenberg
6Department of Pediatric Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; and
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Nagara Tamaki
4Department of Nuclear Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Yuji Kuge
1Department of Radiobiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
7Central Institute of Isotope Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Autoradiograms and corresponding immunohistochemical staining of insulin in pancreas of mouse treated with vehicle (A), mouse treated with 120 mg/kg of streptozotocin (B), and mouse treated with 200 mg/kg of streptozotocin (C) and injected with 99mTc-annexin A5. Boxes indicate magnified areas shown in insets. Black arrows = pancreatic islets (with positive insulin staining); red arrows = regions with high 99mTc-annexin A5 accumulation (with concomitant insulin staining). Red scale bars = 1,000 μm, and black scale bars (inset) = 300 μm. STZ = streptozotocin.

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    FIGURE 2.

    Autoradiograms and corresponding immunohistochemical staining of insulin in pancreas of NOD mice at 5 (A), 9 (B), 16 (C), and 20 wk of age (D) injected with 99mTc-annexin A5. Boxes indicate magnified areas shown in insets. Black arrows = pancreatic islets (positive to insulin staining); red arrows = regions with high 99mTc-annexin A5 accumulation (concordant with insulin staining). Red scale bars = 1,000 μm, and black scale bars (inset) = 300 μm.

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    FIGURE 3.

    TUNEL staining in pancreas of streptozotocin-treated mice and NOD mice injected with 99mTc-annexin A5. Arrows show TUNEL-positive cells. Boxes indicate magnified areas shown in insets. Blue scale bars = 100 μm, and black scale bars in inset = 25 μm. STZ = streptozotocin.

  • FIGURE 4.
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    FIGURE 4.

    99mTc-annexin A5 accumulation level and number of TUNEL-positive cells in pancreatic islets of streptozotocin-treated mice and NOD mice injected with 99mTc-annexin A5. 99mTc-annexin A5 accumulation levels in pancreatic islets of streptozotocin-treated mice (A) and NOD mice (B) injected with 99mTc-annexin A5 and number of TUNEL-positive cells in pancreatic islets of streptozotocin-treated mice (C) and NOD mice (D) injected with 99mTc-annexin A5 are shown. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 5–8/group). STZ = streptozotocin.

  • FIGURE 5.
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    FIGURE 5.

    Correlations between 99mTc-annexin A5 accumulation levels and number of TUNEL-positive cells in pancreatic islets of streptozotocin-treated mice (A) and NOD mice (B) injected with 99mTc-annexin A5. Data represent mean ± SD (n = 5–8/group).

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    TABLE 1

    Body Weights and Blood Glucose Levels in Streptozotocin-Treated Mice and NOD Mice

    Mouse groupBody weight (g)Blood glucose level (mg/dL)
    Vehicle-treated (n = 5)25.2 ± 1.0103 ± 16
    Streptozotocin-treated
     120 mg/kg (n = 5)23.8 ± 1.6124 ± 37
     200 mg/kg (n = 5)25.7 ± 1.090 ± 30
    NOD
     5-wk-old (n = 8)16.6 ± 1.1119 ± 44
     9-wk-old (n = 6)20.6 ± 0.9*132 ± 30
     16-wk-old (n = 8)24.1 ± 1.3*,†119 ± 14
     20-wk-old (n = 5)22.2 ±1.3*,‡119 ± 30
    • ↵* P < 0.05 vs. 5-wk-old group.

    • ↵† P < 0.05 vs. 9-wk-old group.

    • ↵‡ P < 0.05 vs. 16-wk-old group.

    • Data represent mean ± SD (n = 5–8/group).

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 53 (10)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 53, Issue 10
October 1, 2012
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Quantitative Determination of Apoptosis of Pancreatic β-Cells in a Murine Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Ayahisa Watanabe, Ken-ichi Nishijima, Songji Zhao, Yan Zhao, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Hiroshi Takemoto, H. William Strauss, Francis G. Blankenberg, Nagara Tamaki, Yuji Kuge
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Oct 2012, 53 (10) 1585-1591; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.102459

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Quantitative Determination of Apoptosis of Pancreatic β-Cells in a Murine Model of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Ayahisa Watanabe, Ken-ichi Nishijima, Songji Zhao, Yan Zhao, Yoshikazu Tanaka, Hiroshi Takemoto, H. William Strauss, Francis G. Blankenberg, Nagara Tamaki, Yuji Kuge
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Oct 2012, 53 (10) 1585-1591; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.111.102459
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Keywords

  • type 1 diabetes mellitus
  • pancreatic beta cells
  • Apoptosis
  • Molecular imaging
  • 99mTc-annexin A5
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