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Usefulness of 11C-Methionine for Differentiating Tumors from Granulomas in Experimental Rat Models: A Comparison with 18F-FDG and 18F-FLT

Songji Zhao, Yuji Kuge, Masashi Kohanawa, Toshiyuki Takahashi, Yan Zhao, Min Yi, Kakuko Kanegae, Koh-ichi Seki and Nagara Tamaki
Journal of Nuclear Medicine January 2008, 49 (1) 135-141; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.107.044578

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • FIGURE 1. 
    FIGURE 1. 

    Experimental protocols of this study. LSC = liquid scintillation counter.

  • FIGURE 2. 
    FIGURE 2. 

    Microscopy images (×400) of hematoxylin-and-eosin staining (granuloma [A], tumor [C], and turpentine-induced inflammation [D]) and immunostaining for Ia antigen (granuloma [B]). (A) Intramuscular granuloma induced by BCG shows mature epithelioid cell granuloma formation and massive lymphocyte infiltration around granuloma. (B) Immunostaining for Ia antigen shows infiltrations of Ia-positive epithelioid cells and macrophages in granuloma and Ia-positive lymphocytes in periphery of granuloma. In A and B, arrowhead indicates epithelioid cell granuloma; white arrow, lymphocyte infiltration; and black arrow, macrophage infiltration. (C) Massive viable and proliferating cancer cells in tumor tissue. Black arrow indicates viable cancer cell; white arrow, proliferating cancer cell (mitotic division). (D) Massive neutrophil infiltration and ambient connective tissue formation were observed around site of turpentine oil injection. White arrow indicates neutrophil infiltration; black arrow, connective tissue.

  • FIGURE 3. 
    FIGURE 3. 

    18F-FDG, 3H-FLT, and 14C-methionine uptake in tumor, granuloma, and turpentine oil–induced inflammation. (A) Group I: 18F-FDG and 3H-FLT uptake in tumor and granuloma. (B) Group II: 18F-FDG and 14C-methionine uptake in tumor and granuloma. (C) Group III: 18F-FDG and 3H-FLT uptake in tumor and turpentine oil–induced inflammation. (D) Group IV: 18F-FDG and 14C-methionine uptake in turpentine oil–induced inflammation. Values are mean ± SD. NS = not statistically significant.

Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Blood Glucose Levels (mg/dL)

    TimeGroup I (n = 7): 18F-FDG + 3H-FLTGroup II (n = 6): 18F-FDG + 14C-methionineGroup III (n = 5): 18F-FDG + 3H-FLTGroup IV (n = 4): 18F-FDG + 14C-methionine
    At tracer injection87.7 ± 7.493.2 ± 6.584.2 ± 8.587.3 ± 5.2
    At sacrifice88.0 ± 6.786.0 ± 5.791.0 ± 8.085.3 ± 2.2

    • Data are mean ± SD.

  • TABLE 2

    Uptake Levels, L/M, and L/B 60 Minutes After Injection of 18F-FDG, 3H-FLT, and 14C-Methionine (DUR)

    KDH-8 and BCGKDH-8 and turpentine oil
    Group I (n = 7)Group II (n = 6)Group III (n = 5)Group IV (n = 4)
    Parameter18F-FDG3H-FLT18F-FDG14C-Methionine18F-FDG3H-FLT18F-FDG14C-Methionine
    Blood0.69 ± 0.140.91 ± 0.150.60 ± 0.110.71 ± 0.040.57 ± 0.080.72 ± 0.110.77 ± 0.100.99 ± 0.03
    Plasma0.95 ± 0.250.85 ± 0.120.59 ± 0.130.95 ± 0.040.66 ± 0.110.74 ± 0.080.79 ± 0.101.37 ± 0.08
    Muscle0.28 ± 0.050.85 ± 0.090.31 ± 0.110.45 ± 0.060.20 ± 0.030.74 ± 0.070.30 ± 0.030.41 ± 0.04
    Brown fat0.52 ± 0.480.48 ± 0.250.33 ± 0.060.42 ± 0.070.38 ± 0.080.43 ± 0.050.44 ± 0.030.50 ± 0.03
    White fat0.18 ± 0.030.16 ± 0.050.18 ± 0.020.11 ± 0.020.21 ± 0.080.22 ± 0.090.19 ± 0.020.13 ± 0.01
    Heart1.04 ± 0.600.86 ± 0.100.62 ± 0.270.83 ± 0.050.54 ± 0.050.72 ± 0.090.60 ± 0.130.97 ± 0.03
    Brain3.05 ± 0.240.15 ± 0.022.97 ± 0.150.48 ± 0.032.69 ± 0.160.16 ± 0.073.49 ± 0.460.64 ± 0.04
    Lung2.35 ± 0.701.51 ± 0.271.16 ± 0.131.30 ± 0.032.51 ± 0.331.72 ± 0.251.52 ± 0.081.63 ± 0.06
    Thymus1.89 ± 0.331.03 ± 0.392.16 ± 0.231.57 ± 0.111.20 ± 0.240.84 ± 0.462.46 ± 0.201.85 ± 0.30
    Spleen3.26 ± 0.824.20 ± 0.732.34 ± 0.262.16 ± 0.412.75 ± 0.305.06 ± 1.093.19 ± 0.203.03 ± 0.14
    Liver2.37 ± 0.641.71 ± 0.340.89 ± 0.227.15 ± 0.752.10 ± 0.401.42 ± 0.091.24 ± 0.117.97 ± 0.83
    Kidney2.06 ± 0.922.37 ± 0.381.31 ± 0.303.76 ± 0.141.36 ± 0.241.92 ± 0.152.98 ± 1.313.97 ± 0.23
    Bone marrow2.50 ± 0.359.42 ± 0.992.37 ± 0.243.33 ± 0.242.07 ± 0.3611.93 ± 2.182.92 ± 0.144.69 ± 0.26
    Tumor9.13 ± 1.522.30 ± 0.678.91 ± 2.322.47 ± 0.609.13 ± 0.502.66 ± 0.4111.14 ± 1.032.96 ± 0.57
    Granuloma or turpentine8.18 ± 2.401.98 ± 0.708.43 ± 1.451.31 ± 0.22*2.42 ± 0.43*0.99 ± 0.13*3.99 ± 0.22*1.77 ± 0.18†
    Ratio
     L (tumor)/M34.2 ± 9.82.7 ± 0.733.0 ± 16.85.7 ± 1.945.3 ± 6.53.6 ± 0.537.6 ± 1.57.2 ± 1.6
     L (granuloma)/M or L (turpentine)/M30.0 ± 9.32.3 ± 0.829.7 ± 9.63.0 ± 0.6*11.9 ± 2.4*1.3 ± 0.2*13.6 ± 1.9†4.3 ± 0.8†
     L (tumor)/B13.9 ± 4.42.6 ± 0.814.9 ± 2.73.5 ± 1.016.2 ± 1.73.8 ± 0.914.6 ± 1.73.0 ± 0.6
     L (granuloma)/B or L (turpentine)/B12.4 ± 5.12.2 ± 0.514.3 ± 2.51.8 ± 0.3*4.3 ± 0.9*1.4 ± 0.2*5.3 ± 0.9*1.8 ± 0.1†

    • ↵* P < 0.01, tumor vs. granuloma or tumor vs. turpentine-induced inflammation.

    • ↵† P < 0.05.

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