OtherBasic Science Investigations

Hepatocyte-Targeted Nuclear Imaging Using 99mTc-Galactosylated Chitosan: Conjugation, Targeting, and Biodistribution

Eun-Mi Kim, Hwan-Jeong Jeong, In-Kyu Park, Chong-Su Cho, Chang-Guhn Kim and Hee-Seung Bom
Journal of Nuclear Medicine January 2005, 46 (1) 141-145;

Article Figures & Data

Figures

  • FIGURE 1.
    FIGURE 1.

    Schematic structures of GC and GMC.

  • FIGURE 2.
    FIGURE 2.

    1H NMR spectra of GC (A) and GMC (B). Solid star, open square, and solid circle correspond to proton of acetamide group of chitosan (δ 2.0 ppm), proton attached at C2 in grafted galactose group (δ 4.5 ppm), and proton attached at C2 in opened pyranose ring linked between grafted galactose group and chitosan main chain (δ 4.2 ppm), respectively.

  • FIGURE 3.
    FIGURE 3.

    Labeling efficiency of 99mTc-GC and 99mTc-GMC in saline (A) and acetone (B).

  • FIGURE 4.
    FIGURE 4.

    γ-Camera images of mice at 10, 60, and 120 min after injection of 99mTc-MC (A) and 99mTc-GMC (B). After 99mTc-GMC injection into mice, 99mTc-GMC was specifically localized to liver (B), but 99mTc-MC uptake was faint (A). Solid arrows point to liver; open arrows indicate kidneys of each animal. (C) Time-activity curves of liver and heart of mouse injected with 99mTc-GMC.

  • FIGURE 5.
    FIGURE 5.

    (A and C) Light microscope images of liver tissue. (B and D) Fluorescence images of liver tissue. India ink trapped by Kupffer cells appears as black spots in A–D. Fluorescence of B was from India ink. Fluorescence from FITC-GMC was different from that of India ink trapped in Kupffer cells (D). Arrows indicate fluorescence of FITC-GMC combined with hepatocytes.

Tables

  • TABLE 1

    Biodistribution of 99mTc-GMC in BALB/c Mice

    Organ%ID/g
    10 min* (n = 5)60 min* (n = 5)120 min* (n = 5)
    Blood8.642 ± 1.9171.769 ± 0.7053.362 ± 0.774
    Intestine0.869 ± 0.3171.640 ± 1.6331.975 ± 2.043
    Liver11.155 ± 2.33214.018 ± 6.08114.082 ± 1.670
    Spleen4.264 ± 1.7264.271 ± 1.0573.821 ± 0.221
    Stomach0.869 ± 0.3200.669 ± 0.4460.863 ± 0.165
    Heart1.664 ± 0.3210.685 ± 0.0941.031 ± 0.277
    Lung3.676 ± 0.7701.855 ± 1.4302.119 ± 0.246
    Bone1.545 ± 1.2451.521 ± 0.9561.482 ± 0.231
    Muscle0.539 ± 0.0820.295 ± 0.1280.249 ± 0.071
    Kidney27.274 ± 3.06121.986 ± 5.10819.615 ± 1.491

    • ↵* Time after injection of radioconjugate.

    • Values are mean ± SD.

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