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Research ArticleClinical Investigation

Radioiodine Ablation of Thyroid Remnants in Patients with Graves’ Orbitopathy

Michael Oeverhaus, Jana Koenen, Nikolaos Bechrakis, Mareile Stöhr, Ken Herrmann, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Anja Eckstein and Manuel Weber
Journal of Nuclear Medicine April 2023, 64 (4) 561-566; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.122.264660
Michael Oeverhaus
1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; and
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Jana Koenen
2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Nikolaos Bechrakis
1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; and
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Mareile Stöhr
1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; and
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Ken Herrmann
2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Wolfgang P. Fendler
2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Anja Eckstein
1Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; and
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Manuel Weber
2Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Patient example of remaining active thyroid tissue seen on 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy (left) and no uptake 3 mo after ATR (right).

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Significant decrease in TRAb level, thyroid volume, and uptake on 99mTc-pertechnetate scintigraphy at 3-mo follow-up compared with baseline, indicating successful ATR. *P ≤ 0.05. ****P ≤ 0.0001. TcTu = 99mTc uptake.

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    FIGURE 3.

    Significant decrease in disease activity as assessed with soft-tissue score and CAS at 3 and 12 mo after ATR, compared with baseline. NOSPECS also showed significant decrease (P = 0.013) at both time points. Proptosis was mostly stable, with no significant improvement. *P ≤ 0.05. **P ≤ 0.01. ***P ≤ 0.001. ****P ≤ 0.0001; ns = not statistically significant.

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    TABLE 1.

    Characteristics of Study Population

    CharacteristicData
    Subjects100% (30)
    Age (y)52.1 ± 9.9
    Female90% (27)
    Duration of thyroid disease (y)2.7 (1–16)
    Duration from primary thyroid treatment to ATR (mo)17.5 (1–256)
    99mTc uptake (%)0.2 (0.01–1.7)
    Lobus pyramidalis present at baseline50% (15)
    ATR
     Oral steroids during ATR83% (25)
     Intravenous steroids during ATR17% (5)
    GO status at baseline
     Mild13% (4)
     Moderate-to-severe83% (25)
     Very severe3% (1)
    Previous steroid therapy83% (25)
    Subsequent steroid therapy20% (6)
    • Qualitative data are percentage and number; continuous data are mean ± SD or median and range.

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    TABLE 2.

    Thyroid Status

    ParameterBaseline3 mo after TTA12 mo after TTA
    LT4 dose (μg)81.5 ± 42.5101 ± 26.9108 ± 25.8
    TRAb (IU/L)18.4 (1.4–>40)13.4 (0.58–>40)
    Thyroid volume (cm3)0.95 (0–5.5)0.05 (0–2)
    • Data are mean ± SD or median and range. N = 30 subjects.

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    TABLE 3.

    Radioactive Iodine Therapy Parameters

    ParameterData
    Target volume (cm3)0.95 (0–5.5)
    Activity (MBq of 131I)411 (100–1,036)
    Thyroid remnant dose (Gy)488 (63–2,153)
    24-h radioiodine uptake (%)13.4 ± 7
    Effective half-life (d)2.8 ± 1.5
    • Data are mean ± SD or median and range. N = 30 subjects.

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    TABLE 4.

    Ophthalmic Status

    ParameterBaseline3 mo after TTA12 mo after TTA
    CAS3.4 ± 1.81.9 ± 1.61.3 ± 1.2
    NOSPECS5.9 ± 1.95.1 ± 2.64.9 ± 2
    Soft-tissue score4.7 ± 2.63.4 ± 2.92.1 ± 2.1
    Proptosis (mm)18.4 (13–24.5)18.1 (13–24)17.9 (14–22)
    Motility (°)296.8 (157–350)302.2 (215–350)298.6 (180–350)
    • Data are mean ± SD or median and range. N = 30 subjects.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 64 (4)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 64, Issue 4
April 1, 2023
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Radioiodine Ablation of Thyroid Remnants in Patients with Graves’ Orbitopathy
Michael Oeverhaus, Jana Koenen, Nikolaos Bechrakis, Mareile Stöhr, Ken Herrmann, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Anja Eckstein, Manuel Weber
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Apr 2023, 64 (4) 561-566; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264660

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Radioiodine Ablation of Thyroid Remnants in Patients with Graves’ Orbitopathy
Michael Oeverhaus, Jana Koenen, Nikolaos Bechrakis, Mareile Stöhr, Ken Herrmann, Wolfgang P. Fendler, Anja Eckstein, Manuel Weber
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Apr 2023, 64 (4) 561-566; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.264660
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Keywords

  • thyroid eye disease
  • radioactive iodine therapy
  • RAIT
  • total thyroid ablation
  • GO
  • TED
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