Feasibility of In Vivo Imaging of Fibroblast Activation Protein in Human Arterial Walls

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FIGURE 1.
⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 uptake correlates with degree of calcification in per-segment analysis (n = 1,177).
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FIGURE 2.
Comparison of overall arterial ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 burden with respect to cardiovascular risk factors. CVD = cardiovascular disease. *Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) in ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 TBRs between patients who were overweight/obese or normal weight based on their body mass index.
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FIGURE 3.
Three examples of ⁶⁸Ga-FAPI-04 uptake by active arterial segments. All 3 patients were over 60 y old with history of hypertension and dyslipidemia. Patients A and C also had diabetes mellitus and experienced myocardial infarction and percutaneous coronary intervention. Patient A was obese (body mass index, 30.0), and patient B had history of heavy smoking.
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FIGURE 4.
FAP expression in thin-capped (A) and thick-capped (B) human carotid atherosclerotic plaque lesions. Masson staining shows collagen-rich thin and thick fibrous caps. Plaque A had thin fibrous cap with major FAP expression (*). Fibrosis-rich region in intima also showed moderate FAP expression (**). Plaque B had thick fibrous cap with sparse FAP expression overall and FAP expression only in denatured collagen fibers (* and **).

TABLE 1.

Baseline Patient Characteristics (n = 41)

Characteristic	Data
Age (y)	59 ± 11
Sex ratio (female-to-male)	1:3.1
Hepatic lesion suggestive of malignancy	27 (66%)
IgG4-related disease	14 (34%)
Body mass index (kg/m²)	23 ± 3
Risk factors
Hypertension	12 (30%)
Diabetes mellitus	10 (24%)
Dyslipidemia	7 (17%)
Smoking	21 (51%)
History of cardiovascular event	4 (10%)