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Research ArticleClinical Investigations

18F-FDG PET/CT: Therapy Response Assessment Interpretation (Hopkins Criteria) and Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Patients

Sara Sheikhbahaei, Esther Mena, Charles Marcus, Rick Wray, Mehdi Taghipour and Rathan M. Subramaniam
Journal of Nuclear Medicine June 2016, 57 (6) 855-860; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.115.165480
Sara Sheikhbahaei
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
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Esther Mena
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
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Charles Marcus
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
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Rick Wray
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
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Mehdi Taghipour
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
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Rathan M. Subramaniam
1Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland
2Department of Oncology of Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; and
3Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Five-point qualitative posttherapy assessment scoring system (Hopkins criteria) for lung cancer.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Added value of PET/CT to clinical assessment. PET/CT was helpful in excluding tumors in 14.7% (10/68) of scans ordered with clinical or imaging suspicion of recurrence and identifying recurrence in 64.7% (86/133) of scans ordered with no prior clinical or imaging suspicion.

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    Kaplan–Meier survival plot by PET/CT 5-point interpretation criteria. (A) OS (mo) between patients who were categorized as positive (red line) and negative (blue line) differed significantly (n = 201; log-rank, P < 0.001; HR = 2.12 [95% CI = 1.44–3.12]). (B) OS (mo) differed significantly between patients who were scored as 4 or 5 (red line) versus 3 (gray line) versus 1 or 2 (blue line) by 5-point posttherapy interpretation criteria (log-rank, P < 0.001).

  • FIGURE 4.
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    FIGURE 4.

    Kaplan–Meier survival plot by PET/CT result and tumor histology. OS (mo) between patients who were PET-positive (red line) and PET-negative (blue line) was significantly different between patients with small cell lung cancer (n = 34; log-rank, P = 0.022; HR = 2.88 [95% CI = 1.12–7.39]) (A) and those with non–small cell lung cancer (n = 167; log-rank, P = 0.001; HR = 2.01 [95% CI = 1.31–3.07]) (B).

  • FIGURE 5.
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    FIGURE 5.

    Kaplan–Meier survival plot by PET/CT result and treatment. OS (mo) between patients who were PET-positive (red line) and PET-negative (blue line) were significantly different between patients who were treated with surgical resection as part of primary intervention (n = 41; log-rank, P < 0.001; HR = 6.09 [95% CI = 2.02–18.33]) (A) and those who did not have surgical resection as part of primary intervention (n = 160; log-rank, P = 0.025; HR = 1.60 [95% CI = 1.06–2.43]) (B).

Tables

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    TABLE 1

    Characteristics of 201 Patients Included in Study

    Characteristicn%
    Age (y)
     4042.0%
     41–608341.3%
     >6011456.7%
    Sex
     Female8542.3%
     Male11657.7%
    Race
     White14270.6%
     Black3818.9%
     Other2110.5%
    Histology
     SCLC3416.9%
     NSCLC16783.1%
    History of smoking (+)15677.6%
    Stage
     I2311.4%
     II168.0%
     III6733.3%
     IV7838.8%
     Unknown178.5%
    Surgery73.5%
    Chemotherapy5225.9%
    Radiation Therapy115.5%
    Surgery + chemoradiation189.0%
    Chemoradiation9748.3%
    Surgery + chemotherapy168.0%
    Interval between treatment and PET study (wk)
     1–812964.2%
     8–12189.0%
     12–245426.9%
    PET/CT results
     Negative5728.4%
     Positive14471.6%
    Outcome (dead)13768.2%
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    TABLE 2

    Diagnostic Accuracy Estimation of 5-Point Qualitative Posttherapy Assessment Scoring System (Hopkins Criteria) for Lung Cancer Follow-up

    PET/CTDisease-positiveDisease-negativeTotal
    Positive12910139
    Negative164056
    Total14550195
    • View popup
    TABLE 3

    Univariate and Multivariate Cox Regression Analysis

    Overall survival
    AnalysisHRP
    Univariate
     Positive Hopkins criteria2.12 (1.44–3.11)<0.001
     Age1.00 (0.99–1.02)0.40
     Sex1.11 (0.79–1.56)0.53
     Race0.80 (0.61–1.04)0.09
     Smoking0.89 (0.57–1.40)0.63
     Time interval between treatment and PET study1.02 (0.99–1.04)0.17
     Prior clinical suspicion1.44 (1.01–2.04)0.04
     Disease stage1.17 (1.01–1.35)0.04
     Treatment1.57 (1.01–2.44)0.05
     Tumor histology0.70 (0.45–1.07)0.09
    Multivariate*
     Positive Hopkins criteria1.86 (1.25–2.78)0.002
    • ↵* After adjustment for disease stage, prior clinical suspicion, and primary treatment modality.

    • Data in parentheses are 95% CIs.

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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 57 (6)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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June 1, 2016
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18F-FDG PET/CT: Therapy Response Assessment Interpretation (Hopkins Criteria) and Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Patients
Sara Sheikhbahaei, Esther Mena, Charles Marcus, Rick Wray, Mehdi Taghipour, Rathan M. Subramaniam
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Jun 2016, 57 (6) 855-860; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.165480

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18F-FDG PET/CT: Therapy Response Assessment Interpretation (Hopkins Criteria) and Survival Outcomes in Lung Cancer Patients
Sara Sheikhbahaei, Esther Mena, Charles Marcus, Rick Wray, Mehdi Taghipour, Rathan M. Subramaniam
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Jun 2016, 57 (6) 855-860; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.165480
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Keywords

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