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Research ArticleClinical Investigations

18F-FDG PET Early Response Evaluation of Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy

Edwin A. Usmanij, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Esther G.C. Troost, Liesbeth Peters-Bax, Erik H.F.M. van der Heijden, Johannes H.A.M. Kaanders, Wim J.G. Oyen, Olga C.J. Schuurbiers and Johan Bussink
Journal of Nuclear Medicine September 2013, 54 (9) 1528-1534; DOI: https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.112.116921
Edwin A. Usmanij
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
2Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Esther G.C. Troost
2Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Liesbeth Peters-Bax
3Department of Radiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
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Erik H.F.M. van der Heijden
4Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Johannes H.A.M. Kaanders
2Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Wim J.G. Oyen
1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Olga C.J. Schuurbiers
4Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Johan Bussink
2Department of Radiation Oncology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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  • Article
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  • FIGURE 1.
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    FIGURE 1.

    Study design. CRT = chemoradiotherapy.

  • FIGURE 2.
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    FIGURE 2.

    Kaplan–Meier analysis of PFS at median cutoff in ΔTLG. Median, 1-y, and 2-y PFS was 15.9 mo, 73%, and 40%, respectively, for ΔTLG decrease ≥ 45% vs. 9.8 mo, 46%, and 0%, respectively, for ΔTLG decrease < 45% (log-rank test, P = 0.032).

  • FIGURE 3.
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    FIGURE 3.

    Kaplan–Meier analysis of favorable, intermediate, and unfavorable risk groups (log-rank test, P < 0.02).

  • FIGURE 4.
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    FIGURE 4.

    Typical example of 2 patients with stage III NSCLC and their sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT scans: pretreatment (D0), in-treatment (D15), and end of treatment (D66). Two weeks into concomitant chemoradiotherapy, patient A showed 14% decrease in in-treatment SUV, and 54% decrease in TLG, censored for both overall survival and PFS at 19 mo. Patient B showed 14% decrease in in-treatment SUV and TLG, PFS of 12 mo, and overall survival of 16 mo. All series are shown using equal window scaling.

Tables

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    TABLE 1

    Patient Characteristics

    CharacteristicValue
    Age (y)
     Mean59
     Range41−77
     Age < 6515 (54%)
     Age ≥ 6513 (46%)
    Sex
     Male18 (64%)
     Female10 (36%)
    Histology
     Squamous cell carcinoma11 (39%)
     Adenocarcinoma14 (50%)
     Non–small cell (not otherwise specified)3 (11%)
    TNM stage (sixth edition)
     IIIA17 (61%)
     T0N21 (4%)
     T1N23 (11%)
     T2N28 (29%)
     T3N25 (18%)
     IIIB11 (39%)
     T1N33 (11%)
     T2N31 (4%)
     T4N03 (11%)
     T4N22 (7%)
     T4N32 (7%)
    Performance score (ECOG)
     020 (71%)
     18 (29%)
    Smoking status
     Current smoker12 (43%)
     Former smoker16 (57%)
    Previous malignancy
     No24 (86%)
     Yes4 (14%)
    Adjuvant surgery
     No surgery20 (71%)
     Lobectomy8 (29%)
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    TABLE 2

    TLG Evolution Sorted by TNM Subgroups

    TNM stage (sixth edition)nPretreatment TLGIn-treatment TLGΔTLG (%)
    IIIA (n = 17)
     T0N21 (4)83.6026.93−67.79
     T1N23 (11)27.3515.34+ 43.91
    127.97108.18−15.46
    6.333.27−48.31
     T2N28 (29)156.8159.93−61.78
    323.93278.08−14.16
    199.148.63−75.57
    31.8330.05−5.59
    60.2176.13+26.45
    92.8951.88−44.15
    72.1845.47−37.00
    243.4192.01−62.20
     T3N25 (18)188.80145.7−22.83
    339.1468.61−79.77
    95.8064.47−32.70
    233.48108.07−53.71
    717.87624.52−13.00
    IIIB (n = 11)
     T1N33 (11)263.68398.50+51.13
    49.7920.44−58.94
    163.2074.16−54.56
     T2N31 (4)224.4284.67−62.27
     T4N03 (11)77.1936.98−52.10
    199.8426.00−86.99
    676.20416.06−38.47
     T4N22 (7)489.18174.15−64.40
    1319.041042.25−20.98
     T4N32 (7)339.64177.56−47.72
    210.71152.9−27.43
    • Data in parentheses are percentages.

    • View popup
    TABLE 3

    Univariate Analysis Covariates and Effect on PFS (per Unit Change)

    PET parameterHR95% confidence intervalP
    Pretreatment TLG1.0051.002–1.0070.004
    In-treatment TLG1.0051.003–1.0080.001
    ΔTLG1.0161.002–1.0300.025
    Pretreatment SUVNot significant0.999–1.0020.575
    In-treatment SUVNot significant0.999–1.0030.327
    ΔSUVNot significant0.995–1.0220.231
    Pretreatment SUVmaxNot significant0.999–1.0000.447
    In-treatment SUVmaxNot significant0.999–1.0020.579
    ΔSUVmaxNot significant0.998–1.0270.087
    TNM (IIIA–IIIB)Not significant0.299–2.1360.655
    • View popup
    TABLE 4

    Analysis of PFS, with ΔTLG Corrected for Pretreatment TLG (per 10 Unit Change)

    PET parameterHR95% confidence intervalP
    ΔTLG1.1691.013–1.3500.033
    Pretreatment TLG1.0471.020–1.0760.009
    • View popup
    TABLE 5

    PFS at Various Cutoff Points in ΔTLG

    PFSMedian PFS (mo)1-y PFS (%)2-y PFS (%)P
    All patients15.77628
    ΔTLG decrease < 38% (n = 12)6.33600.020
    ΔTLG decrease ≥ 38% (n = 16)15.98033
    ΔTLG decrease < 45% (n = 14)9.84600.032
    ΔTLG decrease ≥ 45% (n = 14)15.97340
    ΔTLG decrease < 52% (n = 16)9.84700.035
    ΔTLG decrease ≥ 52% (n = 12)17.18244
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Journal of Nuclear Medicine: 54 (9)
Journal of Nuclear Medicine
Vol. 54, Issue 9
September 1, 2013
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18F-FDG PET Early Response Evaluation of Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy
Edwin A. Usmanij, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Esther G.C. Troost, Liesbeth Peters-Bax, Erik H.F.M. van der Heijden, Johannes H.A.M. Kaanders, Wim J.G. Oyen, Olga C.J. Schuurbiers, Johan Bussink
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Sep 2013, 54 (9) 1528-1534; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.116921

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18F-FDG PET Early Response Evaluation of Locally Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated with Concomitant Chemoradiotherapy
Edwin A. Usmanij, Lioe-Fee de Geus-Oei, Esther G.C. Troost, Liesbeth Peters-Bax, Erik H.F.M. van der Heijden, Johannes H.A.M. Kaanders, Wim J.G. Oyen, Olga C.J. Schuurbiers, Johan Bussink
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Sep 2013, 54 (9) 1528-1534; DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.116921
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Keywords

  • Early response prediction
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  • 18F-FDG PET
  • standardized uptake value
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