Relation of Carotid Artery 18F-FDG Uptake to C-Reactive Protein and Framingham Risk Score in a Large Cohort of Asymptomatic Adults

Tae Soo Noh; Seung-Hwan Moon; Young Seok Cho; Sun Pyo Hong; Eun Jeong Lee; Joon Young Choi; Byung-Tae Kim; Kyung-Han Lee

doi:10.2967/jnumed.113.119602

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FIGURE 1.
Relation of FRS to M-TBR, IMT, and hsCRP. (A) M-TBR (left), IMT (middle), and hsCRP levels (right) according to FRS categories. (B) FRS according to high and low M-TBR (left) and IMT groups (right), adjusting for age by stratification. P < 0.001 for age effects on M-TBR and IMT. Bars are mean ± SE. n.s. = not significant.
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FIGURE 2.
Relation of hsCRP to FRS, M-TBR, and IMT. (A) FRS (left), M-TBR (middle), and IMT levels (right) according to hsCRP categories. (B) Estimated risk based on FRS in subjects categorized by hsCRP and substratified by M-TBR (left) or IMT level (right). Bars are mean ± SE. n.s. = not significant.

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TABLE 1

Clinical Characteristics of Study Subjects Stratified by M-TBR and IMT

		M-TBR		IMT
Variable	Total (n = 1,181)	<1.7 (n = 886)	≥1.7 (n = 295)	<0.75 mm (n = 888)	≥0.75 mm (n = 293)
Age (y)	52.0 ± 6.5	51.4 ± 5.8	53.9 ± 7.9^*	50.9 ± 5.6	55.4 ± 7.7^*
Sex
Male	1,114	843	271^†	836	278
Female	67	43	24^†	52	15
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.5 ± 2.4	24.4 ± 2.5	24.8 ± 2.1^†	24.3 ± 2.42	25.0 ± 2.24^*
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	118.9 ± 15.7	118.3 ± 15.4	120.8 ± 16.6^†	118.0 ± 15.3	121.6 ± 16.8^*
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	76.7 ± 10.4	76.8 ± 10.6	76.7 ± 9.6	76.7 ± 10.5	77.0 ± 10.0
Waist circumference (cm)	85.8 ± 6.9	85.5 ± 7.0	87.0 ± 6.2^†	85.2 ± 6.8	87.8 ± 6.7^*
Abdominal fat (%)	0.9 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0^*	0.91 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0^*
Fasting blood glucose	97.5 ± 18.4	97.7 ± 19.7	96.7 ± 13.9	96.5 ± 18.1	100.3 ± 19.0^‡
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.6	5.7 ± 0.7	5.7 ± 0.5	5.66 ± 0.63	5.81 ± 0.63^*
Total cholesterol (mmol/dL)	196.2 ± 33.1	194.8 ± 33.2	200.6 ± 32.2^§	195.7 ± 31.9	197.8 ± 36.2
HDL cholesterol (mmol/dL)	50.3 ± 12.4	50.7 ± 12.4	49.1 ± 12.3	50.9 ± 12.4	48.4 ± 12.3^‡
LDL cholesterol (mmol/dL)	122.0 ± 28.6	120.5 ± 28.4	126.4 ± 28.7^‡	121.1 ± 27.9	124.6 ± 30.5
Triglyceride (mmol/dL)	141.9 ± 73.7	140.0 ± 76.1	147.6 ± 65.6	141.6 ± 76.3	142.3 ± 65.1
FRS (%)	12.3 ± 8.7	11.5 ± 7.8	14.8 ± 10.5^*	10.9 ± 7.23	16.4 ± 11.0^*
Median (Q1–Q3)	9.9 (6.6–14.9)	9.1 (6.2–14.1)	11.8 (7.9–18.0)	9.0 (6.1–13.5)	13.2 (8.6–20.7)
FRS ≥ 10%
Odds ratio		1.0	1.9^*	1.0	2.6^*
95% CI			1.4–2.5^*		1.9–3.4^*
IMT	0.65 ± 0.15	0.64 ± 0.13	0.70 ± 0.20^*	0.59 ± 0.08	0.84 ± 0.14^*
M-TBR	1.60 ± 0.15	1.53 ± 0.11	1.80 ± 0.09^*	1.59 ± 0.15	1.64 ± 0.16^*
Mean TBR	1.38 ± 0.13	1.32 ± 0.09	1.53 ± 0.07^*	1.37 ± 0.12	1.40 ± 0.13^*
Maximum SUV	1.61 ± 0.14	1.56 ± 0.11	1.77 ± 0.12^*	1.60 ± 0.14	1.65 ± 0.15^*
Mean SUV	1.39 ± 0.11	1.35 ± 0.09	1.50 ± 0.09^*	1.38 ± 0.11	1.41 ± 0.12^*
hsCRP (mg/dL)	0.12 ± 0.24	0.11 ± 0.24	0.13 ± 0.23	0.11 ± 0.21	0.13 ± 0.31

↵* P < 0.001.
↵† P < 0.05.
↵‡ P < 0.005.
↵§ P < 0.01.
Data are mean ± SD. P values were calculated using t tests or Mann–Whitney tests.

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TABLE 2

Multiple Regression Analysis for Independent Determinants for M-TBR and IMT According to Age Group

Variable	B	SE	P
M-TBR, age < 50
Abdominal fat	1.1040	0.2204	<0.0001
FRS	0.0025	0.0012	0.0340
LDL cholesterol	0.0006	0.0002	0.0188
M-TBR, age ≥ 50
Age	0.0040	0.0010	0.0001
Abdominal fat	0.9740	0.1916	<0.0001
LDL cholesterol	0.0008	0.0002	0.0001
IMT	0.1097	0.0396	0.0057
IMT, age < 50
Abdominal fat	0.7185	0.2048	0.0005
HbA1c	0.0297	0.0105	0.0050
Total cholesterol	0.0004	0.0002	0.0339
M-TBR	0.0914	0.0444	0.0401
IMT, age ≥ 50
Age	0.0076	0.0012	0.0331
Abdominal fat	−0.7686	0.3600	<0.0001
Body mass index	0.0161	0.0045	0.0004
FRS	0.0025	0.0006	0.0001
Mean TBR	0.1298	0.0411	0.0017

B = β coefficient.

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TABLE 3

Subject Characteristics Stratified by hsCRP and M-TBR

	hsCRP < 2 mg/dL			hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/dL
Characteristic	M-TBR < 1.7 (n = 797)	M-TBR ≥ 1.7 (n = 254)	P	M-TBR < 1.7 (n = 89)	M-TBR ≥ 1.7 (n = 41)	P
Age (y)	51.4 ± 5.7	53.5 ± 7.7	<0.0001	51.3 ± 6.9	56.5 ± 8.5	0.0003
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.3 ± 2.4	24.7 ± 2.0	0.0143	24.9 ± 3.2	25.1 ± 2.8	0.7310
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	118.2 ± 15.5	120.8 ± 16.7	0.0218	119.5 ± 15.0	120.7 ± 15.9	0.6675
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	76.8 ± 10.5	76.7 ± 9.7	0.9118	76.5 ± 11.5	76.9 ± 9.3	0.8750
Waist circumference (cm)	85.2 ± 6.8	86.8 ± 6.0	0.0006	87.8 ± 8.1	87.8 ± 7.6	0.9716
Abdominal fat (%)	0.9 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	<0.0001	0.9 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	0.0184
Fasting blood glucose	97.4 ± 19.3	96.9 ± 14.2	0.6610	100.1 ± 23.1	96.1 ± 11.4	0.2974
HbA1c (%)	5.7 ± 0.6	5.7 ± 0.5	0.4337	5.8 ± 0.8	5.9 ± 0.6	0.4254
Total cholesterol (mmol/dL)	195.4 ± 32.5	201.2 ± 31.8	0.0128	189.4 ± 39.0	196.7 ± 34.2	0.3096
HDL cholesterol (mmol/dL)	51.1 ± 12.5	50.1 ± 12.2	0.2721	46.8 ± 10.4	42.6 ± 11.3	0.0380
LDL cholesterol (mmol/dL)	120.8 ± 28.0	126.4 ± 28.4	<0.0001	117.9 ± 31.6	126.4 ± 30.7	0.1545
Triglyceride (mmol/dL)	140.2 ± 76.8	145.7 ± 67.1	0.3054	138.4 ± 70.0	159.2 ± 53.9	0.0976
IMT (mm)	0.64 ± 0.13	0.68 ± 0.17	0.0001	0.65 ± 0.12	0.79 ± 0.23	<0.0001
M-TBR	1.54 ± 0.11	1.79 ± 0.09	<0.0001	1.51 ± 0.11	1.84 ± 0.10	<0.0001
Mean TBR	1.33 ± 0.09	1.52 ± 0.07	<0.0001	1.31 ± 0.10	1.55 ± 0.07	<0.0001
hsCRP (mg/dL)	0.6 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.4	0.0680	5.8 ± 5.9	4.8 ± 4.6	0.3578

Data are mean ± SD. P values were calculated using t tests or Mann–Whitney tests.

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TABLE 4

Subject Characteristics Stratified by hsCRP and IMT

	hsCRP < 2 mg/L			hsCRP ≥ 2 mg/L
Characteristic	IMT < 0.75 mm (n = 803)	IMT ≥ 0.75 mm (n = 248)	P	IMT < 0.75 mm (n = 85)	IMT ≥ 0.75 mm (n = 45)	P
Age (y)	50.8 ± 5.4	55.5 ± 7.6	<0.0001	51.8 ± 7.2	55.3 ± 8.4	0.0163
Body mass index (kg/m²)	24.3 ± 2.3	25.0 ± 2.2	0.0006	24.7 ± 3.3	25.5 ± 2.5	0.1571
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	118.0 ± 15.3	121.5 ± 16.9	0.0087	118.8 ± 11.6	122.0 ± 16.1	0.2516
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)	76.7 ± 10.3	77.1 ± 10.1	0.6035	76.7 ± 11.6	76.4 ± 9.3	0.8879
Waist circumference (cm)	85.0 ± 6.56	87.4 ± 6.7	0.0001	86.7 ± 8.6	89.9 ± 6.2	0.0290
Abdominal fat (%)	0.9 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	0.0625	0.92 ± 0.0	0.9 ± 0.0	0.0028
Fasting blood glucose	96.2 ± 17.4	100.9 ± 19.9	0.0002	99.9 ± 23.3	96.7 ± 12.0	0.3917
HbA1c (%)	5.6 ± 0.6	5.8 ± 0.6	0.0015	5.8 ± 0.8	5.8 ± 0.6	0.8527
Total cholesterol (mmol/dL)	196.4 ± 31.7	198.2 ± 34.3	0.5647	189.7 ± 33.1	195.6 ± 44.9	0.4024
HDL cholesterol (mmol/dL)	51.3 ± 12.5	49.3 ± 12.2	0.0412	46.6 ± 10.2	43.3 ± 11.7	0.0993
LDL cholesterol (mmol/dL)	121.3 ± 27.5	124.8 ± 29.2	0.1471	118.9 ± 28.3	123.8 ± 36.7	0.4006
Triglyceride (mmol/dL)	141.6 ± 76.9	141.4 ± 66.6	0.8980	142.2 ± 71.1	150.2 ± 54.9	0.5167
IMT (mm)	0.59 ± 0.08	0.84 ± 0.13	<0.0001	0.60 ± 0.08	0.87 ± 0.18	<0.0001
M-TBR	1.59 ± 0.15	1.62 ± 0.15	0.0048	1.56 ± 0.17	1.71 ± 0.17	<0.0001
Mean TBR	1.37 ± 0.12	1.39 ± 0.13	0.0086	1.34 ± 0.14	1.46 ± 0.12	<0.0001
hsCRP (mg/dL)	0.6 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.4	0.0708	5.3 ± 5.0	5.8 ± 6.2	0.6949