Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
Myocardial 18F-NOS PET/CT images from 1 to 10 min after injection in 4 OHT patients, with corresponding allograft rejection (R) grades based on clinical pathology report and immunohistochemistry-derived iNOS score. NR = no rejection; QE = Quilty effect, which is associated with acute cellular rejection.
- FIGURE 2.
Myocardial 18F-NOS time–activity curves for patients 7 (P7) and 3 (P3) shown in Figure 1. Curves demonstrate rapid turnover of 18F-NOS in tissue and greater uptake with rejection. Myo = myocardial; NR = no rejection; R = rejection.
- FIGURE 3.
iNOS score (A), myocardial 18F-NOS AUMC at 10 min (B), and myocardial blood flow (C) in patients with and without rejection based on clinical pathology report. *P < 0.0001. **P < 0.05.
- FIGURE 4.
18F-NOS AUMC at 5, 10, and 30 min (A) and immunochemistry-derived iNOS score (B) plotted as function of myocardial blood flow (MBF) derived from 15O-water studies.
- FIGURE 5.
Typical 18F-NOS whole-body PET images for 2 patients: first patient imaged at 0 and 120 min and second patient imaged at 90 and 150 min after injection.
Tables
Characteristic Value Sex (n) Male 5 Female 5 Mean age ± SD (y) 46 ± 9 Mean BMI ± SD (kg/m2) 28 ± 12 (5 patients were obese, with BMI > 30) Diabetes (n) 2 Range of left ventricular ejection fraction (%) 55–70 Right ventricular function Normal Time between transplantation and PET study (d) Mean ± SD 409 ± 367 Range 91–1,208 Time between PET and biopsy (d) 3.3 ± 0.50 Characteristic Value Healthy volunteers (n = 4) Sex (n) Male 2 Female 2 Mean age ± SD (y) 30 ± 11 Mean BMI ± SD (kg/m2) 26 ± 5 OHT patients (n = 12) Sex Male 9 Female 3 Mean age ± SD (y) 52 ± 12 Mean BMI ± SD (kg/m2) 27 ± 5 (obese = 2; BMI > 30) Range of left ventricular ejection fraction (%) 55–70: 11/12 <55: 1/12 Right ventricular function Normal Time between transplantation and PET study (d) Mean ± SD 1,783 ± 1,191 Range 152–3,663 Patient no. iNOS score AUMC (min) MRT (min) SUV DVR 1 160.40 31.2 4.47 4.40 1.35 2 161.83 27.4 5.22 3.38 0.99 3 157.93 32.2 4.07 10.23 0.97 4 157.41 16.7 4.66 7.09 0.83 5 132.16 20.9 5.41 4.25 1.07 6 152.91 37.6 4.14 2.85 0.72 7 57.30 8.2 4.61 7.54 3.55 8 38.24 17.3 4.66 4.93 1.71 9 142.19 15.7 4.57 2.57 0.92 10 131.39 27.6 5.02 6.31 0.90 All PET data are at 10 min after injection of 18F-NOS.
Organ Residence time (h) Liver 0.148 ± 0.016 Spleen 0.011 ± 0.004 Kidneys 0.028 ± 0.007 Brain 0.021 ± 0.006 Heart wall 0.010 ± 0.004 Stomach 0.006 ± 0.003 Gallbladder 0.008 ± 0.004 Urinary bladder 0.18 ± 0.04 Excreted 0.33 ± 0.07 Remainder of body 1.88 ± 0.40 Bladder residence time was calculated using MIRD bladder-voiding model with cumulative activity and voiding period of 1 h.
Organ Dose Adrenals 12.1 ± 2.4 Brain 5.5 ± 2.3 Breasts 8.0 ± 1.4 Gallbladder 25.6 ± 15 Lower large intestine wall 13.4 ± 3.0 Small intestine 12.5 ± 2.4 Stomach wall 12.7 ± 4.2 Upper large intestine wall 12.3 ± 2.6 Heart wall 12.6 ± 5.7 Kidneys 23.4 ± 10.0 Liver 22.5 ± 5.0 Lungs 9.8 ± 1.8 Muscle 10.0 ± 1.9 Ovaries 13.6 ± 3.0 Pancreas 12.7 ± 3.0 Red marrow 10.2 ± 2.1 Osteogenic cells 15.1 ± 2.6 Skin 7.6 ± 1.4 Spleen 17.1 ± 9.6 Testes 10.7 ± 2.2 Thymus 9.8 ± 1.8 Thyroid 9.5 ± 1.6 Urinary bladder wall 95.3 ± 39.8 Uterus 16.7 ± 4.4 Total body 10.4 ± 2.0 Effective dose equivalent* 18.8 ± 6.2 Effective dose* 15.9 ± 4.6 ↵* All radiation doses are in μGy/MBq except for effective dose and effective dose equivalent, which are in μSv/MBq.
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