New insight into the pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma by integrated FDG-PET/CT

Abstract

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Learning Objectives: 1. To describe wide-range imaging characterization and subtypes of malignant lymphoma. 2. To review the spectrum of malignant lymphoma related diseases.

Abstract Body: A new classification system for lymphoid malignancies is known as the new WHO classification. Classification based on pathology and prognosis are useful for better understanding the disease. In addition, new insight into the pathogenesis using PET-CT provides useful information. The relative incidence of the subtypes of malignant lymphoma is known to differ according to geographic location. For B cell type, three broad groups for prognostic purposes: (1) low-risk group comprising follicular lymphoma and MALT; (2) intermediate-risk group comprising diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma; and (3) high-risk group comprising mantle cell lymphoma and lymphoblastic lymphoma. For T cell type, three groups: (1) relative low-risk group comprising ALCL, AILD, MF and lymphoblastic lymphoma; (2) relative intermediate-risk group comprising NK/T-cell lymphoma and unspecified lymphoma; and (3) extremely high-risk group comprising ATLL. Among the lymphoblastic lymphomas, B-cell type and T-cell type lymphomas exhibited different clinical outcomes. And malignant lymphoma has wide spectrum of disease. Epstain-Barr virus and Helicobacter pylori are associated with pathogenesis of subsets of MLs. This article presents a systematic review of common and uncommon appearances of malignant lymphoma. Potential pitfalls and limitations of PET-CT in staging and follow-up are also addressed.