Article Figures & Data
Figures
- FIGURE 1.
The experimental procedure.
- FIGURE 2.
(A) Effect of TRA-418 on extent of cerebral damage. TRA-418 at high dose reduced damaged area in coronal slices (18 mm anterior to interaural) (P = 0.05). Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 6). (B) Photographs of typical coronal slices (18 and 24 mm anterior to interaural) in animals treated with vehicle or high-dose TRA-418.
- FIGURE 3.
(A) PET images of typical CBF before and during ischemia and at 2 and 24 h after reperfusion in animals treated with vehicle or high-dose TRA-418. (B) Effect of TRA-418 on CBF. No significant differences were found between animals treated with vehicle and animals treated with either TRA-418 dose. CBF reduction was calculated by dividing each PET image of cerebrum by its baseline image and determining the areas of −20% to 20%, 21% to 40%, and >40% change in CBF. Areas were calculated as percentage area divided by total hemispheric area of nonischemic side.
- FIGURE 4.
(A) PET images of typical CMRO2 at 24 h and 4 d after reperfusion in animals treated with vehicle or high-dose TRA-418. (B) Effect of TRA-418 on CMRO2 reduction, where CMRO2 decreased by more than 40% compared with preischemic scan. High-dose TRA-418 significantly suppressed (P < 0.05) CMRO2 reduction at 24 h after reperfusion. Data are presented as mean ± SE. Areas were calculated as percentage area divided by total hemispheric area of nonischemic side.
- FIGURE 5.
Effect of TRA-418 on OEF reduction, where OEF decreased by more than 40% compared with preischemic scan. High-dose TRA-418 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited OEF reduction. Data are presented as mean ± SE.
- FIGURE 6.
Correlation between >40% decrease in CMRO2, compared with preischemic scan, and amount of brain damage (histologically confirmed) at 4 d after reperfusion.
Tables
Occlusion Administration Dose n Glucose (mg/dL) Partial pressure of CO2 (mm Hg) Partial pressure of O2 (mm Hg) Before MCA occlusion Vehicle 6 60.0 ± 7.5 33.2 ± 0.6 156.6 ± 7.1 TRA-418 Low 6 63.1 ± 8.7 32.8 ± 1.0 167.8 ± 10.6 High 6 64.4 ± 8.0 34.0 ± 1.1 162.3 ± 9.3 2 h after MCA occlusion Vehicle 6 69.4 ± 9.6 32.8 ± 0.6 151.4 ± 4.5 TRA-418 Low 6 73.0 ± 10.1 33.8 ± 0.5 160.3 ± 8.7 High 6 76.9 ± 11.1 33.5 ± 1.0 144.4 ± 7.7 2 h after reperfusion Vehicle 6 80.6 ± 13.0 32.4 ± 0.6 148.4 ± 5.2 TRA-418 Low 6 88.3 ± 14.4 33.4 ± 0.4 155.8 ± 11.3 High 6 92.3 ± 16.1 31.8 ± 0.9 145.7 ± 13.2 24 h after reperfusion Vehicle 6 60.4 ± 7.7 32.9 ± 1.7 159.3 ± 12.5 TRA-418 Low 6 54.3 ± 5.7 33.9 ± 1.5 147.9 ± 12.3 High 6 59.4 ± 9.9 34.4 ± 0.6 145.6 ± 11.2 4 d after reperfusion Vehicle 6 68.7 ± 8.3 32.4 ± 0.6 171.3 ± 4.2 TRA-418 Low 6 91.6 ± 16.1 33.8 ± 0.9 158.9 ± 7.3 High 6 73.8 ± 9.7 33.2 ± 1.0 156.8 ± 5.2 Data are mean ± SE.
- TABLE 2
Physiologic Parameters for Mean Arterial Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Rectal Temperature
Occlusion Administration Dose n Mean arterial blood pressure (mm Hg) Heart rate (bpm) Rectal temperature (°C) Before MCA occlusion Vehicle 5 104 ± 3 143 ± 10 36.7 ± 0.3 TRA-418 Low 6 103 ± 5 146 ± 7 36.7 ± 0.4 High 6 100 ± 4 150 ± 13 36.5 ± 0.3 1 h after MCA occlusion Vehicle 5 108 ± 3 144 ± 11 36.6 ± 0.1 TRA-418 Low 6 100 ± 10 154 ± 9 36.7 ± 0.2 High 6 100 ± 5 160 ± 7 36.7 ± 0.4 Just after reperfusion Vehicle 5 91 ± 14 146 ± 12 37.2 ± 0.3 TRA-418 Low 6 97 ± 10 160 ± 10 36.7 ± 0.3 High 6 89 ± 2 151 ± 12 37.1 ± 0.3 2 h after reperfusion Vehicle 5 103 ± 4 159 ± 13 37.2 ± 0.2 TRA-418 Low 6 105 ± 6 153 ± 8 36.7 ± 0.5 High 6 95 ± 4 157 ± 8 37.3 ± 0.3 24 h after reperfusion Vehicle 5 88 ± 6 145 ± 12 37.2 ± 0.4 TRA-418 Low 6 78 ± 4 152 ± 9 35.6 ± 1.2 High 6 81 ± 3 172 ± 4 37.1 ± 0.3 4 d after reperfusion Vehicle 5 98 ± 4 169 ± 8 36.8 ± 0.0 TRA-418 Low 6 87 ± 4 175 ± 12 36.7 ± 0.2 High 6 85 ± 3 170 ± 5 35.8 ± 1.1 Data are mean ± SE.
