Effect of Caffeine Intake on Myocardial Hyperemic Flow Induced by Adenosine Triphosphate and Dipyridamole

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FIGURE 1.
Study protocol. DIP = dipyridamole.
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FIGURE 2.
(A) MBF during ATP infusion and after dipyridamole administration in baseline evaluation (left) and in caffeine studies (right). (B) MFR estimated by ATP and dipyridamole in baseline evaluation (left) and in caffeine studies (right). (C) CVR during ATP infusion and after dipyridamole administration in baseline evaluation (left) and in caffeine studies (right). DIP = dipyridamole.
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FIGURE 3.
MBF during ATP infusion (A) and after dipyridamole administration (B) was inversely correlated with plasma caffeine concentrations.
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FIGURE 4.
MFR estimated by ATP (A) and dipyridamole (B) was inversely correlated with plasma caffeine concentrations.

TABLE 1

Comparison of Hemodynamic Variables at Rest and During Pharmacologic Vasodilation in Baseline Evaluation and Caffeine Studies

Subject no.	SBP (mm Hg)											DBP (mm Hg)											HR (beats/min)
		Baseline					Caffeine					Baseline					Caffeine					Baseline				Caffeine	Baseline	Caffeine
		Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP
1	104	110	108	104	110	106	78	75	77	65	68	64	70	93	105	70	93	91	7,280	10,230	11,340	7,280	10,230	9,646
2	81	88	86	88	108	102	46	38	35	47	39	41	47	68	86	44	57	72	3,807	5,984	7,396	3,872	6,156	7,344
3	103	101	97	99	94	107	59	63	64	63	59	63	67	97	98	69	97	83	6,901	9,797	9,506	6,831	9,118	8,881
4	96	91	110	103	103	114	69	47	66	65	55	66	72	97	109	65	83	89	6,912	8,827	11,990	6,695	8,549	10,146
5	109	111	110	109	125	116	57	71	68	58	70	68	77	99	106	57	78	84	8,393	10,989	11,660	6,213	9,750	9,744
6	111	107	114	112	102	112	57	61	66	54	64	70	63	98	99	63	81	84	6,993	10,486	11,286	7,056	8,262	9,408
7	98	97	100	122	126	106	64	55	59	84	78	70	54	77	91	64	57	72	5,292	7,469	9,100	7,808	7,182	7,632
8	109	97	102	115	94	116	68	52	70	64	59	73	64	83	90	66	83	78	6,976	8,051	9,180	7,590	7,802	9,048
9	102	101	99	101	101	105	66	55	74	67	60	70	65	93	122	61	93	86	6,630	9,393	12,078	6,161	9,393	9,030
10	93	89	90	100	102	101	35	39	36	34	39	42	59	72	85	63	61	70	5,487	6,408	7,650	6,300	6,222	7,070
Mean	101	99	102	105	107	109	60	56	62	60	59	63	64	88	99	62	78	81	6,467	8,763	10,119	6,581	8,266	8,795
± SD	± 9	± 8	± 9	± 10	± 11	± 6	± 12	± 12	± 15	± 13	± 12	± 12	± 9	± 12*	± 12^†^‡	± 7	± 15^§	± 7^§^‖	± 1,280	± 1,732*	± 1,776^†^‡	± 1,108	± 1,420^§	± 1,074^§^‖

↵* P < 0.001 vs. rest in baseline.
↵^† P < 0.0001 vs. rest in baseline.
↵^‡ P < 0.05 vs. ATP in baseline.
↵^§ P < 0.05 vs. rest in caffeine.
↵^‖ P < 0.05 vs. DIP in baseline.
SBP = systolic blood pressure; DBP = diastolic blood pressure; HR = heart rate; RPP = rate–pressure product; DIP = dipyridamole.

TABLE 2

Comparison of MBF, MFR, and CVR at Rest and During Pharmacologic Vasodilation in Baseline Evaluation and Caffeine Studies

Subject no.	MBF (mL/min/g)											MFR
		Baseline					Caffeine					Baseline			Caffeine			Baseline	Caffeine
		Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	ATP	DIP	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP	Rest	ATP	DIP
1	0.74	4.26	3.14	0.54	1.55	1.06	5.76	4.24	2.87	1.96	117.1	20.3	27.8	144.4	52.9	73.6
2	0.56	3.45	1.88	0.53	1.17	1.67	6.16	3.36	2.19	3.14	103.0	15.9	27.7	114.1	53.2	36.7
3	0.69	3.18	4.37	0.52	1.54	2.22	4.58	6.29	2.96	4.27	106.0	23.8	17.2	144.2	45.9	35.0
4	0.65	4.14	2.13	0.65	1.63	1.62	6.35	3.27	2.50	2.48	119.6	14.9	37.9	119.1	43.6	50.8
5	1.21	3.73	3.12	1.21	1.71	1.38	3.10	2.59	1.42	1.14	61.7	22.6	26.3	62.2	51.7	61.0
6	0.63	2.79	2.68	0.51	2.23	1.29	4.46	4.28	4.38	2.52	119.8	27.4	30.6	143.9	34.4	65.3
7	0.65	3.55	4.21	0.65	1.08	1.41	5.46	6.48	1.66	2.17	115.9	19.4	17.3	148.7	87.0	58.2
8	0.65	4.50	2.87	0.86	1.87	1.08	6.92	4.42	2.17	1.26	125.6	14.9	28.1	94.2	37.8	80.9
9	1.43	2.79	2.80	1.40	2.08	2.14	1.95	1.96	1.49	1.53	54.5	25.2	29.4	56.0	35.4	38.2
10	0.68	4.63	2.84	0.68	1.91	1.35	6.81	4.18	2.81	1.99	79.9	12.0	19.0	82.4	31.4	45.7
Mean	0.79	3.70	3.00	0.75	1.68	1.52	5.15	4.10	2.44	2.25	100.3	19.6	26.1	110.9	47.3	54.5
± SD	± 0.29	± 0.67*	± 0.79*^†	± 0.31	± 0.37^†^‡	± 0.40^‡	± 1.64	± 1.44	± 0.88^†	± 0.94	± 25.7	± 5.1*	± 6.6*	± 35.5	± 16.1^†^‡^‖	± 15.9^‡^‖