Since Warburg's observation that most cancers exhibit elevated glycolysis, decades of
research have attempted to reduce tumor glucose utilization as a therapeutic approach …

Extracellular vesicles play crucial roles in intercellular communication in the tumor
microenvironment. Here we demonstrate that in hepatic fibrosis, TGF-β stimulates the …

Hexokinases (HKs) convert hexose sugars to hexose-6-phosphate, thus trapping them
inside cells to meet the synthetic and energetic demands. HKs participate in various …

Chronic inflammation facilitates tumor progression. We discovered that a subset of non-
small cell lung cancer cells underwent a gradually progressing epithelial-to-mesenchymal …

Hexokinase 2 (HK2) is the principal rate-limiting enzyme in the aerobic glycolysis pathway
and determines the quantity of glucose entering glycolysis. However, the current HK2 …

Glucose and glutamine are two principal nutrients in mammalian cells that provide energy
and biomass for cell growth and proliferation. Especially in cancer cells, glutamine could be …

Metastasis is the leading cause of death in melanoma patients. Aerobic glycolysis is a
common metabolic feature in tumor and is closely related to cell growth and metastasis …

Although the majority of adult tissues express only hexokinase 1 (HK1) for glycolysis, most
cancers express hexokinase 2 (HK2) and many coexpress HK1 and HK2. In contrast to …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and is, therefore,
treated with systemic drugs, such as tyrosine‐kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These drugs …

Src kinase is a membrane-related nonreceptor tyrosine kinase that plays an essential role in
cell growth, division, migration, and survival signaling pathways. In addition, it regulates …