Today, bio-medical efforts are entering the subcellular level, which is witnessed with the fast-
developing fields of nanomedicine, nanodiagnostics and nanotherapy in conjunction with …

Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular
imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) …

Unique, functional, homodimeric heavy chain–only antibodies, devoid of light chains, are
circulating in the blood of Camelidae. These antibodies recognize their cognate antigen via …

Nanobodies, also referred to as single domain-based VHHs, are antibody fragments derived
from heavy-chain only IgG antibodies found in the Camelidae family. Due to their small size …

Highlights•Nanobodies (Nbs) are camelid-derived single-domain antibodies.•Nbs have
powerful binding and inhibitory capacity with great therapeutic potential.•Nbs are used in …

Nanobodies (Nbs), the variable domains of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, are a
promising class of therapeutics or in vivo imaging reagents entering the clinic. They possess …

Nanobodies are the recombinant variable domains of heavy-chain-only antibodies, with
many unique properties such as small size, excellent solubility, superior stability, quick …

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status is one of the major tumor
characteristics in breast cancer to guide therapy. Anti-HER2 treatment has clear survival …

In spite of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinic for tumor treatment,
their applications are still hampered in therapeutic development due to limitations, such as …

Purpose The aim of the present paper is to review the role of HER2 antibodies, affibodies
and nanobodies as vehicles for imaging and therapy approaches in breast cancer, including …