Most patients who die of cancer have disseminated disease that has become resistant to
multiple therapeutic modalities. Ample evidence suggests that the expression of ATP …

P‐glycoprotein (P‐gp), an efflux transporter, controls the pharmacokinetics of various
compounds under physiological conditions. P‐gp‐mediated drug efflux has been suggested …

ABCB1 (MDR1) is one of many ubiquitous adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette
(ABC) genes present in all kingdoms of life that is responsible for cellular homeostasis [1–3] …

Background The protein kinase ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) mediates cellular
response to DNA damage induced by radiation. ATM inhibition decreases DNA damage …

Permeability-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux transporter in several organs, acts at the blood–
brain barrier to protect the brain from exogenous toxins. P-gp almost completely blocks brain …

Most patients who die of cancer have disseminated disease that has become resistant to
multiple therapeutic modalities. Ample evidence suggests that the expression of ATP …

Protection of the brain is strengthened by active transport and ABC transporters. P-
glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) functions as an active efflux pump by …

Animal studies and clinical observations suggest that epilepsy is associated with
inflammation. Translocator protein (TSPO)(18 kDa), a marker of inflammation, is increased in …

The recent identification of drug-metabolizing enzymes cytochrome P450 (CYP) in the
human blood-brain barrier (BBB) raises the question of whether these enzymes act in …

Efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts substrate
compounds from entering the brain and may thus contribute to pharmacoresistance …