Malignant gliomas are common primary tumors of the central nervous system. The prognosis
of patients with malignant glioma is poor in spite of current intensive therapy and thus novel …

The extracellular matrix (ECM) of the central nervous system (CNS) is enriched in hyaluronate
(HA). Ubiquitous receptors for HA are CD44 and the Receptor for HA-Mediated Motility …

Object Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), a kynurenine pathway (KP) enzyme catalyzing
oxidation of the essential amino acid tryptophan (Trp), is thought to be involved in the …

Anticancer therapies can induce autophagy in tumor cells and the role of autophagy in
these cells may depend on the type of tumor, the stage of tumorigenesis, and the nature and …

Background This study aimed to clarify the risk factors of treatment for unruptured cerebral
aneurysms (UCAs) in elderly patients by comparing the morbidity at discharge between …

Object. Deuterium oxide (D 2 O), or heavy water, affects a variety of biological activities
different from those of water. The authors examined the antitumoral effect of D 2 O on brain …

Diagnosing primary cerebral nocardiosis is difficult. This case report describes a 79-year-old
immunocompetent Japanese woman with a primary brain abscess caused by Nocardia …

Traumatic aneurysms of the extracranial carotid artery are rare. 1, 2 The patient reported in
this article sustained a blunt injury to the face that resulted in the formation of an …

Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) in the elderly often has a poor
prognosis even after surgical treatment in the acute phase. Additionally, subarachnoid clots …

Objective In elderly populations, the enlargement of the perivascular space is related to small
vessel disease and the glymphatic system. Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) in the …