It remains unclear how different translocator protein (TSPO) ligands reflect the spatial extent
of astrocyte or microglial activation in various neuroinflammatory conditions. Here, we use a …

Objectives Metformin is the first line therapy recommended for type 2 diabetes. However,
the precise mechanism of action remains unclear and up to a quarter of patients show some …

Neuroinflammation (NI) is a key player in neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple
sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard imaging method for diagnosis …

Background Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is an oral immunomodulatory drug used in the
treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here, we sought to study whether the effect of DMF can be …

The European subtype of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV-Eu) and louping-ill virus (LIV)
are two closely related tick-borne flaviviruses. However, whereas the first is the cause of one …

Vimentin intermediate filaments constitute a distinct filament system in mesenchymal cells
that is instrumental for cellular mechanics and migration. In vitro, the rod-like monomers …

Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is among the most important vector borne
diseases of humans in Europe and is currently identified as a major health problem in many …

Background Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis,
which are typically transmitted via respiratory droplets, are leading causes of invasive …

Tick‐borne encephalitis ( TBE ) is the most important viral tick‐borne disease in Europe and
can cause severe disease in humans. In Norway, human cases have been reported only …

… Finally, I would like to thank my dear wife, Susanne, for all … Paper V: Emil Vainio was the
second writer of the paper. He … Paper VI: Emil Vainio was the main author of this paper and …