Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) neurons perform diverse functions in motivation
and cognition, but their precise roles in addiction-related behaviors are still debated. Here, …

Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the intoxicating constituent of cannabis and is responsible
for the drug’s reinforcing effects. Retrospective human studies suggest that cannabis use …

The ventral pallidum is centrally positioned within mesocorticolimbic reward circuits, and its
dense projection to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) regulates neuronal activity there. …

Macrophages play a key role in both normal and pathological processes involving immune
and inflammatory responses, to a large extent through their capacity to secrete a wide range …

We have developed a strategy for guiding the selection of human antibody fragments from
phage display repertoires to a single epitope of an antigen, using rodent monoclonal …

Cannabinoid drugs such as Δ 9-THC are euphoric and rewarding, and also stimulate food
intake in humans and animals. Little is known about how naturally occurring endogenous …

Orexins (hypocretins) are two peptides (orexin A and B) produced from the pre-pro-orexin
precursor and expressed in a limited region of dorsolateral hypothalamus. Orexins were …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become one of the most important classes of biopharmaceutical
products, and they continue to dominate the universe of biopharmaceutical markets …

Technological advances over the last decade are changing the face of behavioral neuroscience
research. Here we review recent work on the use of one such transformative tool in …

This study tested for behavioral and hormonal reactions of young men to brief social
encounters with potential mating partners. Male college students were randomly assigned to …