Osteolytic and osteoblastic metastases are often the cause of considerable morbidity in
patients with advanced prostate and breast carcinoma. Breast carcinoma metastasis to bone …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β promotes breast cancer metastasis to bone. To determine
whether the osteolytic factor parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is the primary …

Since bone metastatic breast cancer is an incurable disease, causing significant morbidity
and mortality, an understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms would be highly …

Purpose: Radium-223 dichloride (radium-223, Xofigo), a targeted alpha therapy, is currently
used for the treatment of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with bone …

Background: Osteocalcin (OC) is produced by osteoblasts during bone formation, and
circulating OC has been used in clinical investigations as a marker of bone metabolism. OC is …

Background Bone metastases are associated with increased morbidity and poor prognosis
in breast cancer patients. Radium-223 dichloride is a calcium mimetic that localizes to bone, …

Development of bone metastases is dependent on the cancer cell-bone cell interactions in
the bone microenvironment. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is released from bone …

TGF-β regulates several steps in cancer metastasis, including the establishment of bone
metastatic lesions. TGF-β is released from bone during osteoclastic bone resorption and it …

Tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), an enzyme expressed in bone‐resorbing
osteoclasts, is secreted into the circulation during bone resorption. We used six monoclonal …

Bone metastasis is a common clinical complication in several cancer types, and it causes a
severe reduction in quality of life as well as lowering survival time. Bone metastases proceed …