Aim To systematically review literature and to assess the status of the ERAS protocol in
pediatric populations undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. Methods Literature research was …

Background The steadily increasing incidence of thyroid cancer has been attributed mostly
to more sensitive thyroid nodule screening. However, various environmental factors, such as …

Background Pacemakers in upper urinary tract (UUT) are still under study. Aim We reviewed
the role of some cells that seem to be involved in the propulsion of urinary bolus from UUT …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inflammation plays a key role in the development of benign
prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Eicosanoids derived from the COX and 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐…

Recently, there has been growing interest in the relationship between allergic and
autoimmune diseases. Allergy and autoimmunity can be considered two potential outcomes of …

Background The apoptosis machinery is a promising target against benign prostatic hyperplasia
(BPH). Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) modulate apoptosis by direct inhibition of …

Testicular torsion or torsion of the spermatic cord is one of the most serious urological conditions.
It causes testicular injury, which potentially leads to male subfertility. The turning of the …

Cadmium (Cd) causes male infertility. There is the need to identify safe treatments
counteracting this toxicity. Flavocoxid is a flavonoid that induces a balanced inhibition of …

Preoperative anxiety is a major problem in paediatric surgical patients. Melatonin has been
used as a premedicant agent and data regarding effectiveness are controversial. The …

Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, considered the
male genital variant of lichen sclerosus. Anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly used in BXO. …