Background Since sunitinib malate has shown activity in two uncontrolled studies in patients
with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma, a comparison of the drug with interferon alfa in a …

Background Nivolumab plus ipilimumab produced objective responses in patients with
advanced renal-cell carcinoma in a pilot study. This phase 3 trial compared nivolumab plus …

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatments benefit some patients with metastatic cancers,
but predictive biomarkers are needed. Findings in selected cancer types suggest that tumor …

Background Nivolumab, a programmed death 1 (PD-1) checkpoint inhibitor, was associated
with encouraging overall survival in uncontrolled studies involving previously treated …

Background Interferon alfa is widely used for metastatic renal-cell carcinoma but has limited
efficacy and tolerability. Temsirolimus, a specific inhibitor of the mammalian target of …

Background Everolimus (RAD001) is an orally administered inhibitor of the mammalian
target of rapamycin (mTOR), a therapeutic target for metastatic renal cell carcinoma. We did a …

Purpose A randomized, phase III trial demonstrated superiority of sunitinib over interferon alfa
(IFN-α) in progression-free survival (primary end point) as first-line treatment for metastatic …

Purpose Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is characterized by loss of von Hippel Lindau tumor
suppressor gene activity, resulting in high expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors: …

Background The efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus cabozantinib as compared with those
of sunitinib in the treatment of previously untreated advanced renal-cell carcinoma are not …

Background Pazopanib and sunitinib provided a progression-free survival benefit, as compared
with placebo or interferon, in previous phase 3 studies involving patients with metastatic …