Background An improvement in overall survival among patients with metastatic melanoma
has been an elusive goal. In this phase 3 study, ipilimumab — which blocks cytotoxic T-…

Background Nivolumab (a programmed death 1 [PD-1] checkpoint inhibitor) and ipilimumab
(a cytotoxic T-lymphocyte–associated antigen 4 [CTLA-4] checkpoint inhibitor) have been …

Background Nivolumab combined with ipilimumab resulted in longer progression-free survival
and a higher objective response rate than ipilimumab alone in a phase 3 trial involving …

Background Resistance to therapy with BRAF kinase inhibitors is associated with reactivation
of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. To address this problem, we …

Background Nivolumab plus ipilimumab or nivolumab alone resulted in longer progression-free
and overall survival than ipilimumab alone in a trial involving patients with advanced …

Background Approximately 50% of melanomas harbor activating (V600) mutations in the
serine–threonine protein kinase B-RAF (BRAF). The oral BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib (PLX4032…

Background Nivolumab and ipilimumab are immune checkpoint inhibitors that have been
approved for the treatment of advanced melanoma. In the United States, ipilimumab has also …

Background Patients with melanoma that progresses on ipilimumab and, if BRAF V600
mutant-positive, a BRAF or MEK inhibitor or both, have few treatment options. We assessed the …

… Wolchok, MD, PhD, corresponding author 1 Vanna Chiarion-Sileni, MD, 2 Rene Gonzalez,
MD, 3 Jean-Jacques Grob, MD, 4 Piotr Rutkowski, MD, 5 Christopher D. Lao, MD, 6 C …

Background Previously reported results from the phase 3 CheckMate 067 trial showed a
significant improvement in objective responses, progression-free survival, and overall survival …