The Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) is a non-verbal pictorial assessment technique that
directly measures the pleasure, arousal, and dominance associated with a person's affective …

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) is being developed to provide a set of
normative emotional stimuli for experimental investigations of emotion and attention. The goal is …

This theoretical model of emotion is based on research using the startle-probe methodology.
It explains inconsistencies in probe studies of attention and fear conditioning and provides …

… The ANEW, IAPS, and IADS are being developed and distributed by NIMH Center for Emotion
and Attention (CSEA) investigators Margaret Bradley and Peter Lang, in order to provide …

Colored photographic pictures that varied widely across the affective dimensions of valence
(pleasant‐unpleasant) and arousal (excited‐calm) were each viewed for a 6‐s period while …

Proposes that emotions are better understood as behavioral complexes, organizations of
responses that include 3 broad output systems:(1) overt acts and secondary behaviors;(2) …

Recent studies have shown that the late positive component of the event-related-potential (ERP)
is enhanced for emotional pictures, presented in an oddball paradigm, evaluated as …

… in a cartoon figure (© Peter Lang; see x,y axes above). SAM correlates highly with the
semantic differential estimate of these same dimensions (Bradley & Lang, 1994). SAM ratings of …

A theory of emotional imagery is described which conceives the image in the brain to be a
conceptual network, controlling specific somatovisceral patterns, and constituting a prototype …

Emotional reactions are organized by underlying motivational states--defensive and appetitive--that
have evolved to promote the survival of individuals and species. Affective responses …